/ 
ZeroMQ-0.23
River stage one • 6 direct dependents • 7 total dependents
/ ZeroMQ

NAME

ZeroMQ - A ZeroMQ2 wrapper for Perl (DEPRECATED)

SYNOPSIS ( HIGH-LEVEL API )

  # echo server
  use ZeroMQ qw/:all/;

  my $cxt = ZeroMQ::Context->new;
  my $sock = $cxt->socket(ZMQ_REP);
  $sock->bind($addr);

  my $msg;
  foreach (1..$roundtrip_count) {
      $msg = $sock->recv();
      $sock->send($msg);
  }

  # json (if JSON.pm is available)
  $sock->send_as( json => { foo => "bar" } );
  my $thing = $sock->recv_as( "json" );

  # custom serialization
  ZeroMQ::register_read_type(myformat => sub { ... });
  ZeroMQ::register_write_type(myformat => sub { .. });

  $sock->send_as( myformat => $data ); # serialize using above callback
  my $thing = $sock->recv_as( "myformat" );

SYNOPSIS ( LOW-LEVEL API )

use ZeroMQ::Raw;

my $ctxt = zmq_init($threads);
my $rv   = zmq_term($ctxt);

my $msg  = zmq_msg_init();
my $msg  = zmq_msg_init_size( $size );
my $msg  = zmq_msg_init_data( $data );
my $rv   = zmq_msg_close( $msg );
my $rv   = zmq_msg_move( $dest, $src );
my $rv   = zmq_msg_copy( $dest, $src );
my $data = zmq_msg_data( $msg );
my $size = zmq_msg_size( $msg);

my $sock = zmq_socket( $ctxt, $type );
my $rv   = zmq_close( $sock );
my $rv   = zmq_setsockopt( $socket, $option, $value );
my $val  = zmq_getsockopt( $socket, $option );
my $rv   = zmq_bind( $sock, $addr );
my $rv   = zmq_send( $sock, $msg, $flags );
my $msg  = zmq_recv( $sock, $flags );

INSTALLATION

If you have libzmq registered with pkg-config:

perl Makefile.PL
make 
make test
make install

If you don't have pkg-config, and libzmq is installed under /usr/local/libzmq:

ZMQ_HOME=/usr/local/libzmq \
    perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

If you want to customize include directories and such:

ZMQ_INCLUDES=/path/to/libzmq/include \
ZMQ_LIBS=/path/to/libzmq/lib \
ZMQ_H=/path/to/libzmq/include/zmq.h \
    perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

If you want to compile with debugging on:

perl Makefile.PL -g

DESCRIPTION

Please note that this module has been DEPRECATED in favor of ZMQ::LibZMQ2, ZMQ::LibZMQ3, and ZMQ. see https://github.com/lestrrat/p5-ZMQ and other CPAN pages.

The ZeroMQ module is a wrapper of the 0MQ message passing library for Perl. It's a thin wrapper around the C API. Please read http://zeromq.org for more details on ZeroMQ.

CLASS WALKTHROUGH

ZeroMQ::Raw

Use ZeroMQ::Raw to get access to the C API such as zmq_init, zmq_socket, et al. Functions provided in this low level API should follow the C API exactly.

ZeroMQ::Constants

ZeroMQ::Constants contains all of the constants that are known to be extractable from zmq.h. Do note that sometimes the list changes due to additions/deprecations in the underlying zeromq2 library. We try to do our best to make things available (at least to warn you that some symbols are deprecated), but it may not always be possible.

ZeroMQ::Context
ZeroMQ::Socket
ZeroMQ::Message

ZeroMQ::Context, ZeroMQ::Socket, ZeroMQ::Message contain the high-level, more perl-ish interface to the zeromq functionalities.

ZeroMQ

Loading ZeroMQ will make the ZeroMQ::Context, ZeroMQ::Socket, and ZeroMQ::Message classes available as well.

BASIC USAGE

To start using ZeroMQ, you need to create a context object, then as many ZeroMQ::Socket as you need:

my $ctxt = ZeroMQ::Context->new;
my $socket = $ctxt->socket( ... options );

You need to call bind() or connect() on the socket, depending on your usage. For example on a typical server-client model you would write on the server side:

$socket->bind( "tcp://127.0.0.1:9999" );

and on the client side:

$socket->connect( "tcp://127.0.0.1:9999" );

The underlying zeromq library offers TCP, multicast, in-process, and ipc connection patterns. Read the zeromq manual for more details on other ways to setup the socket.

When sending data, you can either pass a ZeroMQ::Message object or a Perl string.

# the following two send() calls are equivalent
my $msg = ZeroMQ::Message->new( "a simple message" );
$socket->send( $msg );
$socket->send( "a simple message" );

In most cases using ZeroMQ::Message is redundunt, so you will most likely use the string version.

To receive, simply call recv() on the socket

my $msg = $socket->recv;

The received message is an instance of ZeroMQ::Message object, and you can access the content held in the message via the data() method:

my $data = $msg->data;

SERIALIZATION

ZeroMQ.pm comes with a simple serialization/deserialization mechanism.

To serialize, use register_write_type() to register a name and an associated callback to serialize the data. For example, for JSON we do the following (this is already done for you in ZeroMQ.pm if you have JSON.pm installed):

use JSON ();
ZeroMQ::register_write_type('json' => \&JSON::encode_json);
ZeroMQ::register_read_type('json' => \&JSON::decode_json);

Then you can use send_as() and recv_as() to specify the serialization type as the first argument:

my $ctxt = ZeroMQ::Context->new();
my $sock = $ctxt->socket( ZMQ_REQ );

$sock->send_as( json => $complex_perl_data_structure );

The otherside will receive a JSON encoded data. The receivind side can be written as:

my $ctxt = ZeroMQ::Context->new();
my $sock = $ctxt->socket( ZMQ_REP );

my $complex_perl_data_structure = $sock->recv_as( 'json' );

If you have JSON.pm (must be 2.00 or above), then the JSON serializer / deserializer is automatically enabled. If you want to tweak the serializer option, do something like this:

my $coder = JSON->new->utf8->pretty; # pretty print
ZeroMQ::register_write_type( json => sub { $coder->encode($_[0]) } );
ZeroMQ::register_read_type( json => sub { $coder->decode($_[0]) } );

Note that this will have a GLOBAL effect. If you want to change only your application, use a name that's different from 'json'.

ASYNCHRONOUS I/O WITH ZEROMQ

By default ZeroMQ comes with its own zmq_poll() mechanism that can handle non-blocking sockets. You can use this by calling zmq_poll with a list of hashrefs:

zmq_poll([
    {
        fd => fileno(STDOUT),
        events => ZMQ_POLLOUT,
        callback => \&callback,
    },
    {
        socket => $zmq_socket,
        events => ZMQ_POLLIN,
        callback => \&callback
    },
], $timeout );

Unfortunately this custom polling scheme doesn't play too well with AnyEvent.

As of zeromq2-2.1.0, you can use getsockopt to retrieve the underlying file descriptor, so use that to integrate ZeroMQ and AnyEvent:

my $socket = zmq_socket( $ctxt, ZMQ_REP );
my $fh = zmq_getsockopt( $socket, ZMQ_FD );
my $w; $w = AE::io $fh, 0, sub {
    while ( my $msg = zmq_recv( $socket, ZMQ_RCVMORE ) ) {
        # do something with $msg;
    }
    undef $w;
};

NOTES ON MULTI-PROCESS and MULTI-THREADED USAGE

ZeroMQ works on both multi-process and multi-threaded use cases, but you need to be careful bout sharing ZeroMQ objects.

For multi-process environments, you should not be sharing the context object. Create separate contexts for each process, and therefore you shouldn't be sharing the socket objects either.

For multi-thread environemnts, you can share the same context object. However you cannot share sockets.

FUNCTIONS

version()

Returns the version of the underlying zeromq library that is being linked. In scalar context, returns a dotted version string. In list context, returns a 3-element list of the version numbers:

my $version_string = ZeroMQ::version();
my ($major, $minor, $patch) = ZeroMQ::version();

device($type, $sock1, $sock2)

register_read_type($name, \&callback)

Register a read callback for a given $name. This is used in recv_as(). The callback receives the data received from the socket.

register_write_type($name, \&callback)

Register a write callback for a given $name. This is used in send_as() The callback receives the Perl structure given to send_as()

DEBUGGING XS

If you see segmentation faults, and such, you need to figure out where the error is occuring in order for the maintainers to figure out what happened. Here's a very very brief explanation of steps involved.

First, make sure to compile ZeroMQ.pm with debugging on by specifying -g:

perl Makefile.PL -g
make

Then fire gdb:

gdb perl
(gdb) R -Mblib /path/to/your/script.pl

When you see the crash, get a backtrace:

(gdb) bt

CAVEATS

This is an early release. Proceed with caution, please report (or better yet: fix) bugs you encounter.

This module has been tested againt zeromq 2.1.4. Semantics of this module rely heavily on the underlying zeromq version. Make sure you know which version of zeromq you're working with.

SEE ALSO

ZeroMQ::Raw, ZeroMQ::Context, ZeroMQ::Socket, ZeroMQ::Message

http://zeromq.org

http://github.com/lestrrat/ZeroMQ-Perl

AUTHOR

Daisuke Maki <daisuke@endeworks.jp>

Steffen Mueller, <smueller@cpan.org>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

The ZeroMQ module is

Copyright (C) 2010 by Daisuke Maki

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.0 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.