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NAME
SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation - Instances of the class [[Observation]] are used to specify observations about an entity at a particular time
VERSION
version v23.0.0
DESCRIPTION
Instances of the class SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation are used to specify observations about an entity at a particular time. The principal properties of an SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation are [[observationAbout]], [[measuredProperty]], [[statType]], [[value] and [[observationDate]] and [[measuredProperty]]. Some but not all Observations represent a SemanticWeb::Schema::QuantitativeValue. Quantitative observations can be about a SemanticWeb::Schema::StatisticalVariable, which is an abstract specification about which we can make observations that are grounded at a particular location and time.
Observations can also encode a subset of simple RDF-like statements (its observationAbout, a StatisticalVariable, defining the measuredPoperty; its observationAbout property indicating the entity the statement is about, and [[value]] )
In the context of a quantitative knowledge graph, typical properties could include [[measuredProperty]], [[observationAbout]], [[observationDate]], [[value]], [[unitCode]], [[unitText]], [[measurementMethod]].
ATTRIBUTES
margin_of_error
marginOfError
A [[marginOfError]] for an SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation.
A margin_of_error should be one of the following types:
_has_margin_of_error
A predicate for the "margin_of_error" attribute.
measured_property
measuredProperty
The measuredProperty of an SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation, typically via its SemanticWeb::Schema::StatisticalVariable. There are various kinds of applicable SemanticWeb::Schema::Property: a schema.org property, a property from other RDF-compatible systems, e.g. W3C RDF Data Cube, Data Commons, Wikidata, or schema.org extensions such as GS1's.
A measured_property should be one of the following types:
_has_measured_property
A predicate for the "measured_property" attribute.
measurement_denominator
measurementDenominator
Identifies the denominator variable when an observation represents a ratio or percentage.
A measurement_denominator should be one of the following types:
_has_measurement_denominator
A predicate for the "measurement_denominator" attribute.
measurement_method
measurementMethod
A subproperty of [[measurementTechnique]] that can be used for specifying specific methods, in particular via SemanticWeb::Schema::MeasurementMethodEnum.
A measurement_method should be one of the following types:
InstanceOf['SemanticWeb::Schema::DefinedTerm']InstanceOf['SemanticWeb::Schema::MeasurementMethodEnum']Str
_has_measurement_method
A predicate for the "measurement_method" attribute.
measurement_qualifier
measurementQualifier
Provides additional qualification to an observation. For example, a GDP observation measures the Nominal value.
A measurement_qualifier should be one of the following types:
_has_measurement_qualifier
A predicate for the "measurement_qualifier" attribute.
measurement_technique
measurementTechnique
A technique, method or technology used in an SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation, SemanticWeb::Schema::StatisticalVariable or SemanticWeb::Schema::Dataset (or SemanticWeb::Schema::DataDownload, SemanticWeb::Schema::DataCatalog), corresponding to the method used for measuring the corresponding variable(s) (for datasets, described using [[variableMeasured]]; for SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation, a SemanticWeb::Schema::StatisticalVariable). Often but not necessarily each [[variableMeasured]] will have an explicit representation as (or mapping to) an property such as those defined in Schema.org, or other RDF vocabularies and "knowledge graphs". In that case the subproperty of [[variableMeasured]] called [[measuredProperty]] is applicable.
The [[measurementTechnique]] property helps when extra clarification is needed about how a [[measuredProperty]] was measured. This is oriented towards scientific and scholarly dataset publication but may have broader applicability; it is not intended as a full representation of measurement, but can often serve as a high level summary for dataset discovery.
For example, if [[variableMeasured]] is: molecule concentration, [[measurementTechnique]] could be: "mass spectrometry" or "nmr spectroscopy" or "colorimetry" or "immunofluorescence". If the [[variableMeasured]] is "depression rating", the [[measurementTechnique]] could be "Zung Scale" or "HAM-D" or "Beck Depression Inventory".
If there are several [[variableMeasured]] properties recorded for some given data object, use a SemanticWeb::Schema::PropertyValue for each [[variableMeasured]] and attach the corresponding [[measurementTechnique]]. The value can also be from an enumeration, organized as a SemanticWeb::Schema::MeasurementMetholdEnumeration.
A measurement_technique should be one of the following types:
InstanceOf['SemanticWeb::Schema::DefinedTerm']InstanceOf['SemanticWeb::Schema::MeasurementMethodEnum']Str
_has_measurement_technique
A predicate for the "measurement_technique" attribute.
observation_about
observationAbout
The [[observationAbout]] property identifies an entity, often a SemanticWeb::Schema::Place, associated with an SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation.
A observation_about should be one of the following types:
_has_observation_about
A predicate for the "observation_about" attribute.
observation_date
observationDate
The observationDate of an SemanticWeb::Schema::Observation.
A observation_date should be one of the following types:
Str
_has_observation_date
A predicate for the "observation_date" attribute.
observation_period
observationPeriod
The length of time an Observation took place over. The format follows `P[0-9]*[Y|M|D|h|m|s]`. For example, P1Y is Period 1 Year, P3M is Period 3 Months, P3h is Period 3 hours.
A observation_period should be one of the following types:
Str
_has_observation_period
A predicate for the "observation_period" attribute.
variable_measured
variableMeasured
The variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue, or more explicitly as a SemanticWeb::Schema::StatisticalVariable.
A variable_measured should be one of the following types:
InstanceOf['SemanticWeb::Schema::Property']InstanceOf['SemanticWeb::Schema::PropertyValue']InstanceOf['SemanticWeb::Schema::StatisticalVariable']Str
_has_variable_measured
A predicate for the "variable_measured" attribute.
SEE ALSO
SemanticWeb::Schema::QuantitativeValue
SOURCE
The development version is on github at https://github.com/robrwo/SemanticWeb-Schema and may be cloned from git://github.com/robrwo/SemanticWeb-Schema.git
BUGS
Please report any bugs or feature requests on the bugtracker website https://github.com/robrwo/SemanticWeb-Schema/issues
When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.
AUTHOR
Robert Rothenberg <rrwo@cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is Copyright (c) 2018-2023 by Robert Rothenberg.
This is free software, licensed under:
The Artistic License 2.0 (GPL Compatible)