NAME
Class::Skin - Class for creating text out of text templates.
SYNOPSIS
use Class::Skin;
# create new Class::Skin object
my $skin = new Class::Skin("template.txt");
# read the template file
$skin->read();
# parse the template and print the result. we send in anonymous
# hash all the variables that we would like to use in the template
print $skin->parse({ title => $title,
i => $i,
condition1 => 1,
condition2 => 0,
condition3 => 1,
condition4 => 0,
condition5 => 1,
condition6 => 0,
condition7 => 1,
condition8 => 0,
condition9 => 1,
filepath => "template2.txt",
func => \&call_back_func});DESCRIPTION
The elements that can be used in the templates:
- Comments
-
Comments will just be removed from the template when the template is parsed. <comment> this is a comment </comment>
- Perl Variables
-
Variables will be sent to the Class::Skin object when parsing as reference to anonymous hash. $name
- Including other files
-
Includes will be parsed and included instead of the include tag. There is a way to avoid from including all the includes while parsing the template (see skip_includes method). This might be useful when parsing the template will create yet another template that will be parsed again later. There is also a way to skip the including for certain include, for certain times that that include is parsed (so that the parse method is called). That is done by using the attribute skip. Every time the method parse is called the value of the skip attribute will be decremented. If it is zero, the parse will include the template that is defined in the src.
<include src="other_template.txt"> <include src="$name"> <include src="template.txt" skip="2">The included template path can be absolute, or relative. If it is relative, it will be searched, relative to the host template path, or relative to the list of directories. This list is populated by default by the path of the current directory and the path of the hosted templates. It can be manipulated by the access method directory_list.
- If-elsif-else
-
The condition blocks are solved using the values of the variables that are put as the conditions. Note that it is possible to have one block inside other. <if condition="name1"> <h1> positive... </h1> </if> <elsif condition="name2"> <h1> Negative... </h1> </elsif> <else> <h1> Zero... </h1> </else> Any white characters betweeb a closing tag of if-elsif-else block and the next opening tag of yet the same block will be ignored.
- While loop
-
While blocks will be executed as long as the callback function returns true. The callback function reference is sent as variable in the anonymous hash. The callback function must take as its only argument the same anonymous hash as the anonymous hash that is sent to the parse method. See the callback function in the example. <while condition="function_name"> <tr> <td>$i</td> </tr> </while>
CONSTRUCTOR
- new ( [FILEPATH [, LOG ]] )
-
The constructor. If FILEPATH is defined, it will be taken as the file path of the template. If LOG is defined, it will be used as a Log object for logging errors. It is recommended to use the LOG as it helps finding errors in using the class (like trying to include a file that is not found or trying to use a while loop with call back function that does not exist). Returns the new object.
METHODS
- read()
-
This method tries to open the template file (using the FILE_PATH data member) and to read its content to the LINES data member. Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
- parse( [ REFERENCE_TO_ANONYMOUS_HASH ] )
-
This method will parse the template using the anonymous hash variable that is sent to it as a parameter. For details about the parsing rules see above. Returns the parsed template on success or undef on failure.
- lines( [ LINES ] )
-
The access method to the LINES data member. This data member is a string that holds all the lines of a read template. If LINES is defined, its value will replace the current value of the LINES data member (as if we read a new template). Returns the value of the LINES data member.
- log( [ LOG ] )
-
The access method to the LOG data member. If the LOG data member is defined, error messages will be logged using that Log object. Returns the value of the LOG data member.
- skip_includes( [ BOOLEAN ] )
-
This access method control if we should skip includes while parsing the template. This can be useful when trying to create template of template - i.e. when we create a template that when parsed will create other template. In this case we can put tags that we do not want to parse in the first pass in the included templates, and of course, we should skip the includes by sending TRUE to this method. Returns the value of the SKIP_INCLUDES data member.
- clean_empty_lines( [ BOOLEAN ] ) NOT YET IMPLEMENTED
-
This access method control if after parsing, empty lines will be cleaned. This might be useful when creating HTMLs. Empty lines in HTMLs are not visible anyway, and can be cleaned. By sending TRUE to this method, we can set the object to clean empty lines. Returns the value of the CLEAN_EMPTY_LINES data member.
- file_path( [ FILEPATH ] )
-
The access method to the FILE_PATH data member. By using this method we can change the path of the template that we are going to read. Returns the value of the FILE_PATH data member.
- directory_list( [ DIRECTORY_LIST ] )
-
The access method to the DIRECTORY_LIST data member. It holds a comma separated list of directories. When using the include tag, and the path of the included template is relative, it will be taken first relative to the path of the hosted template. If the included template will not be found there, it will be checked relative to the directories in the DIRECTORY_LIST. The DIRECTORY_LIST is populated by default with the current working directory. Returns the value of the DIRECTORY_LIST.
EXAMPLE
Here is template1.txt:
<comment> this comment will not be shown in the final html </comment>
<comment> the title will be in "title"</comment>
*** $title ***
Here two templates will be included:
<comment> including template with its filepath </comment>
<include src="template2.txt">
<comment>
including template that its path is in a variable called filepath
</comment>
<include src="$filepath">
Here we will put some conditions:
<if condition="condition1">
condition1 is true
<if condition="condition2">
condition2 is true (in condition1)
</if>
<if condition="condition3">
condition3 is true (in condition1)
<if condition="condition5">
condition5 is true (in condition3 that in condition1)
</if>
<else>
condition5 is false (in condition3 that in condition1)
</else>
</if>
</if>
<elsif condition="condition2">
condition2 is true
</elsif>
<if condition="condition4">
condition4 is true
</if>
<elsif condition="condition5">
condition5 is true
</elsif>
<elsif condition="condition6">
condition6 is true
</elsif>
<else>
condition5,4,6 are false
</else>
Here we will put a table where the rows are in a while loop.
Note that we use $a here, but $a is not defined in the calling script,
so it stays $a. Only in the last loop of the while we will define $a.
<while condition="func">
$i: $a <if condition="condition7"> condition7 is true inside the while
loop. </if><else> condition7 is false inside the while loop. </else>
</while> And template2.txt:
--- start of template2 ---
<comment> this is a comment in the included template </comment>
included template 2 is here. Template 2 is inserted into the first
template.
We can put use here all the variables like "$title".
--- end of template2 ---The script:
use Class::Skin;
my $i = 777;
my $title = "Usage of Class::Skin";
# create new Class::Skin object
my $skin = new Class::Skin("template1.txt");
# read the template file
$skin->read();
# parse the template and print the result. we send in anonymous
# hash all the variables that we would like to use in the template
print $skin->parse({ title => $title,
i => $i,
condition1 => 1,
condition2 => 0,
condition3 => 1,
condition4 => 0,
condition5 => 1,
condition6 => 0,
condition7 => 1,
condition8 => 0,
condition9 => 1,
filepath => "template2.txt",
func => \&call_back_func});
# callback function. we will give a reference to that function as
# one of the variables we sent with the parse method. callback
# functions are used with the 'while' block. this function must
# return true or false (1 or 0). it is important that it will not
# return always true (or else the while block will be repeated
# infinite times).
sub call_back_func {
my $variables = shift; # always a reference to the anonymous hash
# that we send with the parse method is
# send to the callback functions.
$variables->{i}++; # increment the value of i
# toggle the value of condition9 according to the value of i
if ($variables->{i} == 779) {
$variables->{condition9} = 1;
}
else {
$variables->{condition9} = 0;
}
if ($variables->{i} == 780) {
$variables->{a} = "[this is a]";
}
else {
$variables->{a} = undef;
}
# return true unless i > 780.
if ($variables->{i} <= 780) {
return 1;
}
else {
return 0;
}
} # of call_back_func The result:
*** Usage of Class::Skin ***
Here two templates will be included:
--- start of template2 ---
included template 2 is here. Template 2 is inserted into the first
template.
We can put use here all the variables like "Usage of Class::Skin".
--- end of template2 ---
--- start of template2 ---
included template 2 is here. Template 2 is inserted into the first
template.
We can put use here all the variables like "Usage of Class::Skin".
--- end of template2 ---
Here we will put some conditions:
condition1 is true
condition3 is true (in condition1)
condition5 is true (in condition3 that in condition1)
condition5 is true
Here we will put a table where the rows are in a while loop.
Note that we use $a here, but $a is not defined in the calling script,
so it stays $a. Only in the last loop of the while we will define $a.
778: $a condition7 is true inside the while loop.
779: $a condition7 is true inside the while loop.
780: [this is a] condition7 is true inside the while loop. AUTHOR
Rani Pinchuk, rani@cpan.org
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2002 Ockham Technology N.V. & Rani Pinchuk. All rights reserved. This package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.