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JavaScript-Duktape-2.1.0
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/ JavaScript::Duktape

NAME

JavaScript::Duktape - Perl interface to Duktape embeddable javascript engine

SYNOPSIS

use JavaScript::Duktape;

##create new js context
my $js = JavaScript::Duktape->new();

#set function to be used from javascript land
$js->set('write' => sub {
    print $_[0], "\n";
});

$js->eval(qq~
    (function(){
        for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++){
            write(i);
        }
    })();
~);

DESCRIPTION

JavaScript::Duktape implements almost all duktape javascript engine api, the c code is just a thin layer that maps duktape api to perl, and all other functions implemented in perl it self, so maintaing and contributing to the base code should be easy.

methods

set('name', data);

Creates property 'name' and sets it's value to the given perl data

$js->set('something', {}); #set something
$js->set('something.name', 'Joe');
$js->set('number', 1234);
...

this method will die if you try to set a property on undfined base value

$js->set('notHere.name', 'Joe'); ## will die

## so first set "notHere"
$js->set('notHere', {});
$js->set('notHere.name', 'Joe'); ## good
get('name');

Gets property 'name' value from javascript and return it as perl data, this method will die if you try to get value of undefined base value

my $print_sub = $js->get('print');
eval('javascript');

Evaluates javascript string and return the results or croak if error

my $ret = $js->eval(q{
    var t = 1+2;
    t; // return value from eval
});

print $ret, "\n"; # 3
get_object('name');

Same as get method but instead of returning a raw value of the property name, it will return a JavaScript::Duktape::Object this method will die if you try to get a property that is not of type 'object'

$js->eval(q{
    function Person (name){
        this.name = name;
    }
});

my $personObject = $js->get('Person');

# $personObject is a blessed 'JavaScript::Duktape::Object' object
# so you can call internal

my $person = $personObject->new('Joe');
print $person->name, "\n"; # Joe

For more on how you can use JavaScript::Duktape::Object please see examples provided with this distribution

VM API

vm api corresponds to Duktape Engine API see http://duktape.org/api.html To access vm create new context then call vm

my $js = JavaScript::Duktape->new();
my $duk = $js->vm;

#now you can call Duktape API from perl

$duk->push_string('print');
$duk->eval();
$duk->push_string('hi');
$duk->call(1);
$duk->pop();

Also you may find it useful to use dump function regularly to get a better idea where you're in the stack, the following code is the same example above but with using dump function to get a glance of stack top

my $js = JavaScript::Duktape->new();
my $duk = $js->duk;

#push "print" string
$duk->push_string('print');
$duk->dump(); #-> [ Duktape (top=1): print ]

#since print is a native function we need to evaluate it
$duk->eval();
$duk->dump(); #-> [ Duktape (top=1): function print() {/* native */} ]

#push one argument to print function
$duk->push_string('hi');
$duk->dump(); #-> [ Duktape (top=2): function print() {/* native */} hi ]

#now call print function and pass "hi" as one argument
$duk->call(1);

#since print function doesn't return any value, it will push undefined to the stack
$duk->dump(); #-> [ Duktape (top=1): undefined ]

#pop to remove undefined from stack top
$duk->pop();

#Bingo
$duk->dump(); #-> [ Duktape (top=0): ]

VM methods

As a general rule all duktape api supported, but I haven't had the chance to test them all, so please report any missing or failure api call and I'll try to fix

For the list of duktape engine API please see http://duktape.org/api.html, and here is how you can translate duktape api to perl

my $js = JavaScript::Duktape->new();
my $duk = $js->duk;

# -- C example
# duk_push_c_function(func, 2);
# duk_push_int(ctx, 2);
# duk_push_int(ctx, 3);
# duk_call(ctx, 2);  /* [ ... func 2 3 ] -> [ 5 ] */
# printf("2+3=%ld\n", (long) duk_get_int(ctx, -1));
# duk_pop(ctx);

#and here is how we can implement it in JavaScript::Duktape

$duk->push_c_function(sub {
    my $num1 = $duk->get_int(0);
    my $num2 = $duk->get_int(1);

    my $total = $num1+$num2;
    $duk->push_number($total);
    return 1;
}, 2);

$duk->push_int(2);
$duk->push_int(3);
$duk->call(2);  # [ ... func 2 3 ] -> [ 5 ]
printf("2+3=%ld\n", $duk->get_int(-1));
$duk->pop();

As you can see all you need to do is replacing duk_ with $duk-> and remove ctx from the function call, this may sounds crazy but api tests have been generated by copying duktape tests and using search and replace tool :)

Besides duktape api, JavaScript::Duktape::Vm implements the following methods

push_function ( code_ref );

push perl sub into duktape stack, this is the same as push_perl_function except it will handle both passed arguments and return data for you

$duk->push_function(sub {
    my ($arg1, $arg2, ...) = @_;
    return $something;
});
push_perl_function ( code_ref, num_of_args );

an alias to push_c_function, same as push_perl_function except you will be responsible for extracting arguments and pushing returning data

$duk->push_perl_function(sub {
    my $arg1 = $duk->get_int(-1);
    my $somthing_to_return = "..";
    $duk->push_string($somthing_to_return);
    return 1;
});
push_perl( ... );

Push given perl data into the duktape stack.

to_perl(index);

Get the value at index and return it as perl data

to_perl_object(index);

Get object at index and return it as 'JavaScript::Duktape::Object', this function will die if javascript data at index is not of type object

reset_top

resets duktape stack top

EXPORTS

JavaScript::Duktape exports the following by default

true
false
null
_ (underscore)

This can be used to indicate that we are calling an object function without arguments, see "CAVEATS"

this

This can be called from pushed perl sub

$duk->push_perl_function(sub{
    my $this = this;
});

See examples/this.pl

CAVEATS

VM methods

JavaScript::Duktape vm methods is a direct low level calls to duktape c library, so stepping outside of the stack will result in a program termination without a useful error message, so you need to be careful when using these methods and always check your stack with $duk->dump() method

JavaScript::Duktape::Object

JavaScript::Duktape::Object use overload and AUTOLOAD internally, so there is no way to guess if you're trying to get a property type of function or executing it, this is the same as javascript behaviour

# js
$js->eval(q{
    function test () {
        return 'Hi';
    }

    print(test); // function(){ ... }
    print(test()) // Hi
});

## same thing when we do it in perl
my $test = $js->get_object('test');

print $test, "\n"; #JavaScript::Duktape::Function=CODE(...)
print $test->(), "\n"; #Hi

This may sound ok with simple function calls but gets ugly not perlish when you're trying to call deep object properties

So JavaScript::Duktape exports a special variable underscore '_' by default this to indicate that we are calling the function with no arguments

$js->eval(q{
    function Person (name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    Person.prototype.getName = function(){
        print(this.name);
    };

    var me = new Person('Joe');
    print(me.getName); // function(){ ... }
    print(me.getName()); // Joe
});

# Now let's do it in perl
my $Person = $js->get_object('Person');
my $me = $Person->new('Joe');

print $me->getName, "\n"; #JavaScript::Duktape::Function=CODE(...)
print $me->getName(), "\n"; #JavaScript::Duktape::Function=CODE(...)
print $me->getName->(), "\n"; # Joe

#however if you pass any argument with the function it will work
print $me->getName(0), "\n"; #Joe

# or you can use special null argument _ which we export by default
print $me->getName(_), "\n"; #Joe

AUTHOR

Mamod Mehyar <mamod.mehyar@gmail.com>

CONTRIBUTORS

Big thanks for the much appreciated contributors

LICENSE

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.