NAME
Math::BSpline::Curve - B-spline curves
VERSION
version 0.001
SYNOPSIS
use Math::BSpline::Curve;
my $c = Math::BSpline::Curve->new(
degree => 3,
knot_vector => [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],
control_points => [
[1, 2],
[2, 3],
[3, 0],
[2, -1],
],
);
my $p = $curve->evaluate(0.3);
my $d = $curve->evaluate_derivatives(0.3, 3);
my $dc = $curve->derivative;
my $v = $dc->evaluate(0.3);DESCRIPTION
A B-spline curve of degree p is a curve built upon B-spline basis functions of degree p and a set of control points. The well-known Bezier curves are a special case of B-spline curves. For more information on B-spline basis functions see Math::BSpline::Basis.
CONSTRUCTORS
new
$curve = Math::BSpline::Curve->new(
degree => 3,
knot_vector => [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],
control_points => [
[1, 2],
[2, 3],
[3, 0],
[2, -1],
],
);Parameters:
- degree (mandatory)
-
The degree of the B-splines.
- knot_vector
-
The knot vector as array reference. This module only supports clamped knot vectors. It must be a sequence of non-decreasing numbers with p+1 copies of the same number at the beginning and p+1 copies of the same number at the end. In order to achieve a valid knot vector, some automatic trimming is applied by Math::BSpline::Basis on a copy of the knot vector while the original value remains unchanged. In particular, the knot vector is clamped, sorted, and the multiplicity of internal breakpoints is limited to p. However, no fool-proof validation is performed, specifically, the knot vector is not validated against undefined or non-numeric values. For a full discussion of knot vector munging see Math::BSpline::Basis.
If not specified at all, the knot vector defaults to [0,...,0, 1,...,1] with p+1 copies each. This results in a Bezier curve of degree p.
- control_points
-
The list of control points as array reference. If the knot vector contains numbers u_0,...,u_m then you should provide control points P_0,...,P_n with n = m - p - 1. This is currently not enforced, but it might be in a future release.
A control point can either be an array reference to the coordinates of the control points or an object that overloads addition (+) and scalar multiplication (*). Most vector and matrix classes do this. Whatever you choose, all control points should be of the same type.
ATTRIBUTES
degree
The degree of the spline curve. Must be set at construction and cannot be modified afterwards.
knot_vector
An array reference to the knot vector of the B-splines. Can only be set at construction. Defaults to [0,...,0, 1,...,1] resulting in a Bezier curve.
control_points
An array reference to the control points for the B-spline curve. Can only be set at construction.
basis
The corresponding Math::BSpline::Basis object used to evaluate the curve. You typically do not need to care about this.
METHODS
evaluate
$p = $curve->evaluate($u)Evaluates the spline curve at the given position. The returned object or array reference is of the same type as the control points.
evaluate_derivatives
$d = $curve->evaluate_derivatives($u, $k)Returns an array reference containing the point and all derivatives up to and including $k at $u. The returned objects or array references are of the same type as the control points.
derivative
$curve->derivativeThe derivative of a B-spline curve of degree p is a B-spline curve of degree p-1. This method returns a Math::BSpline::Curve object representing this derivative.
CAVEAT: Math::BSpline::Basis and therefore also Math::BSpline::Curve only support B-splines that are internally continuous. If your curve is of degree p and if it has an internal knot u_i of multiplicity p then the derivative is discontinuous at u_i. In this case, the derivative method will not fail, but return a continuous B-spline curve, which is not the correct derivative. This behavior might change in a future release.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This implementation is based on the theory and algorithms presented in the NURBS book.
AUTHOR
Lutz Gehlen <perl@lutzgehlen.de>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2020 by Lutz Gehlen.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.