NAME
MongoDB - Mongo Driver for Perl
SYNOPSIS
use MongoDB;
my $connection = MongoDB::Connection->new(host => 'localhost', port => 27017);
my $database = $connection->foo;
my $collection = $database->bar;
my $id = $collection->insert({ some => 'data' });
my $data = $collection->find_one({ _id => $id });INTRO TO MONGODB
This is the Perl driver for MongoDB, a document-oriented database. This section introduces some of the basic concepts of MongoDB. There's also a Tutorial pod that introduces using the driver. For more documentation on MongoDB in general, check out http://www.mongodb.org.
GETTING HELP
If you have any questions, comments, or complaints, you can get through to the developers most dependably via the MongoDB user list: mongodb-user@googlegroups.com. You might be able to get someone quicker through the MongoDB IRC channel, irc.freenode.net#mongodb.
AUTHORS
Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
Kristina Chodorow <kristina@mongodb.org>COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is Copyright (c) 2009 by 10Gen.
This is free software, licensed under:
The Apache License, Version 2.0, January 2004DESCRIPTION
MongoDB is a database access module.
MongoDB (the database) store all strings as UTF-8. Non-UTF-8 strings will be forcibly converted to UTF-8. To convert something from another encoding to UTF-8, you can use Encode:
use Encode;
my $name = decode('cp932', "\x90\xbc\x96\xec\x81\x40\x91\xbe\x98\x59");
my $id = $coll->insert( { name => $name, } );
my $object = $coll->find_one( { name => $name } );Thanks to taronishino for this example.
Notation and Conventions
The following conventions are used in this document:
$conn Database connection
$db Database
$coll Collection
undef NULL values are represented by undefined values in Perl
\@arr Reference to an array passed to methods
\%attr Reference to a hash of attribute values passed to methodsNote that Perl will automatically close and clean up database connections if all references to them are deleted.
Outline Usage
To use MongoDB, first you need to load the MongoDB module:
use MongoDB;
use strict;
use warnings;(The use strict; and use warnings; isn't required, but it's strongly recommended.)
Then you need to connect to a Mongo database server. By default, Mongo listens for connections on port 27017. Unless otherwise noted, this documentation assumes you are running MongoDB locally on the default port.
Mongo can be started in authentication mode, which requires clients to log in before manipulating data. By default, Mongo does not start in this mode, so no username or password is required to make a fully functional connection. If you would like to learn more about authentication, see the authenticate method.
To connect to the database, create a new MongoDB Connection object:
$conn = MongoDB::Connection->new("host" => "localhost:27017");As this is the default, we can use the equivalent shorthand:
$conn = MongoDB::Connection->new;Connecting is relatively expensive, so try not to open superfluous connections.
There is no way to explicitly disconnect from the database. When $conn goes out of scope, the connection will automatically be closed and cleaned up.
INTERNALS
Class Hierarchy
The classes are arranged in a hierarchy: you cannot create a MongoDB::Collection instance before you create MongoDB::Database instance, for example. The full hierarchy is:
MongoDB::Connection -> MongoDB::Database -> MongoDB::CollectionThis is because MongoDB::Database has a field that is a MongoDB::Connection and MongoDB::Collection has a MongoDB::Database field.
When you call a MongoDB::Collection function, it "trickles up" the chain of classes. For example, say we're inserting $doc into the collection bar in the database foo. The calls made look like:
$collection->insert($doc)-
Calls MongoDB::Database's implementation of
insert, passing along the collection name ("foo"). $db->insert($name, $doc)-
Calls MongoDB::Connection's implementation of
insert, passing along the fully qualified namespace ("foo.bar"). $connection->insert($ns, $doc)-
MongoDB::Connection does the actual work and sends a message to the database.
FUNCTIONS
These functions should generally not be used. They are very low level and have nice wrappers in MongoDB::Collection.
write_insert($ns, \@objs)
my ($insert, $ids) = MongoDB::write_insert("foo.bar", [{foo => 1}, {bar => -1}, {baz => 1}]);Creates an insert string to be used by MongoDB::Connection::send. The second argument is an array of hashes to insert. To imitate the behavior of MongoDB::Collection::insert, pass a single hash, for example:
my ($insert, $ids) = MongoDB::write_insert("foo.bar", [{foo => 1}]);Passing multiple hashes imitates the behavior of MongoDB::Collection::batch_insert.
This function returns the string and an array of the the _id fields that the inserted hashes will contain.
write_query($ns, $flags, $skip, $limit, $query, $fields?)
my ($query, $info) = MongoDB::write_query('foo.$cmd', 0, 0, -1, {getlasterror => 1});Creates a database query to be used by MongoDB::Connection::send. $flags are query flags to use (see MongoDB::Cursor::Flags for possible values). $skip is the number of results to skip, $limit is the number of results to return, $query is the query hash, and $fields is the optional fields to return.
This returns the query string and a hash of information about the query that is used by MongoDB::Connection::recv to get the database response to the query.
write_update($ns, $criteria, $obj, $flags)
my ($update) = MongoDB::write_update("foo.bar", {age => {'$lt' => 20}}, {'$set' => {young => true}}, 0);Creates an update that can be used with MongoDB::Connection::send. $flags can be 1 for upsert and/or 2 for updating multiple documents.
write_remove($ns, $criteria, $flags)
my ($remove) = MongoDB::write_remove("foo.bar", {name => "joe"}, 0);Creates a remove that can be used with MongoDB::Connection::send. $flags can be 1 for removing just one matching document.
read_documents($buffer)
my @documents = MongoDB::read_documents($buffer);Decodes BSON documents from the given buffer
SEE ALSO
MongoDB main website http://www.mongodb.org/
Core documentation http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Manual