NAME

DBD::mysql - MySQL driver for the Perl5 Database Interface (DBI)

SYNOPSIS

use DBI;

$dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port";

$dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);


$drh = DBI->install_driver("mysql");
@databases = DBI->data_sources("mysql");
   or
@databases = DBI->data_sources("mysql",
  {"host" => $host, "port" => $port, "user" => $user, password => $pass});

$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bla");
   or
$sth = $dbh->prepare("LISTFIELDS $table");
   or
$sth = $dbh->prepare("LISTINDEX $table $index");
$sth->execute;
$numRows = $sth->rows;
$numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
$sth->finish;

$rc = $drh->func('createdb', $database, $host, $user, $password, 'admin');
$rc = $drh->func('dropdb', $database, $host, $user, $password, 'admin');
$rc = $drh->func('shutdown', $host, $user, $password, 'admin');
$rc = $drh->func('reload', $host, $user, $password, 'admin');

$rc = $dbh->func('createdb', $database, 'admin');
$rc = $dbh->func('dropdb', $database, 'admin');
$rc = $dbh->func('shutdown', 'admin');
$rc = $dbh->func('reload', 'admin');

EXAMPLE

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use DBI();

# Connect to the database.
my $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=test;host=localhost",
                       "joe", "joe's password",
                       {'RaiseError' => 1});

# Drop table 'foo'. This may fail, if 'foo' doesn't exist.
# Thus we put an eval around it.
eval { $dbh->do("DROP TABLE foo") };
print "Dropping foo failed: $@\n" if $@;

# Create a new table 'foo'. This must not fail, thus we don't
# catch errors.
$dbh->do("CREATE TABLE foo (id INTEGER, name VARCHAR(20))");

# INSERT some data into 'foo'. We are using $dbh->quote() for
# quoting the name.
$dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, " . $dbh->quote("Tim") . ")");

# Same thing, but using placeholders
$dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)", undef, 2, "Jochen");

# Now retrieve data from the table.
my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM foo");
$sth->execute();
while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
  print "Found a row: id = $ref->{'id'}, name = $ref->{'name'}\n";
}
$sth->finish();

# Disconnect from the database.
$dbh->disconnect();

DESCRIPTION

DBD::mysql is the Perl5 Database Interface driver for the MySQL database. In other words: DBD::mysql is an interface between the Perl programming language and the MySQL programming API that comes with the MySQL relational database management system. Most functions provided by this programming API are supported. Some rarely used functions are missing, mainly because noone ever requested them. :-)

In what follows we first discuss the use of DBD::mysql, because this is what you will need the most. For installation, see the sections on INSTALLATION, and "WIN32 INSTALLATION" below. See EXAMPLE for a simple example above.

From perl you activate the interface with the statement

use DBI;

After that you can connect to multiple MySQL database servers and send multiple queries to any of them via a simple object oriented interface. Two types of objects are available: database handles and statement handles. Perl returns a database handle to the connect method like so:

  $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=$db;host=$host",
		      $user, $password, {RaiseError => 1});

Once you have connected to a database, you can can execute SQL statements with:

  my $query = sprintf("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (%d, %s)",
		      $number, $dbh->quote("name"));
  $dbh->do($query);

See DBI(3) for details on the quote and do methods. An alternative approach is

  $dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)", undef,
	   $number, $name);

in which case the quote method is executed automatically. See also the bind_param method in DBI(3). See "DATABASE HANDLES" below for more details on database handles.

If you want to retrieve results, you need to create a so-called statement handle with:

$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table");
$sth->execute();

This statement handle can be used for multiple things. First of all you can retreive a row of data:

my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref();

If your table has columns ID and NAME, then $row will be hash ref with keys ID and NAME. See "STATEMENT HANDLES" below for more details on statement handles.

But now for a more formal approach:

Class Methods

connect

use DBI;

$dsn = "DBI:mysql:$database";
$dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname";
$dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port";

$dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);

A database must always be specified.

host

port

The hostname, if not specified or specified as '' or 'localhost', will default to a MySQL server running on the local machine using the default for the UNIX socket. To connect to a MySQL server on the local machine via TCP, you must specify the loopback IP address (127.0.0.1) as the host.

Should the MySQL server be running on a non-standard port number, you may explicitly state the port number to connect to in the hostname argument, by concatenating the hostname and port number together separated by a colon ( : ) character or by using the port argument.

To connect to a MySQL server on localhost using TCP/IP, you must specify the hostname as 127.0.0.1 (with the optional port).

mysql_client_found_rows

Enables (TRUE value) or disables (FALSE value) the flag CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS while connecting to the MySQL server. This has a somewhat funny effect: Without mysql_client_found_rows, if you perform a query like

UPDATE $table SET id = 1 WHERE id = 1

then the MySQL engine will always return 0, because no rows have changed. With mysql_client_found_rows however, it will return the number of rows that have an id 1, as some people are expecting. (At least for compatibility to other engines.)

mysql_compression

As of MySQL 3.22.3, a new feature is supported: If your DSN contains the option "mysql_compression=1", then the communication between client and server will be compressed.

mysql_connect_timeout

If your DSN contains the option "mysql_connect_timeout=##", the connect request to the server will timeout if it has not been successful after the given number of seconds.

=item mysql_init_command

If your DSN contains the option "mysql_init_command_timeout=##", then
this SQL statement is executed when connecting to the MySQL server.
It is automatically re-executed if reconnection occurs.

mysql_read_default_file

mysql_read_default_group

These options can be used to read a config file like /etc/my.cnf or ~/.my.cnf. By default MySQL's C client library doesn't use any config files unlike the client programs (mysql, mysqladmin, ...) that do, but outside of the C client library. Thus you need to explicitly request reading a config file, as in

$dsn = "DBI:mysql:test;mysql_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf";
$dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password)

The option mysql_read_default_group can be used to specify the default group in the config file: Usually this is the client group, but see the following example:

[client]
host=localhost

[perl]
host=perlhost

(Note the order of the entries! The example won't work, if you reverse the [client] and [perl] sections!)

If you read this config file, then you'll be typically connected to localhost. However, by using

$dsn = "DBI:mysql:test;mysql_read_default_group=perl;"
    . "mysql_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf";
$dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);

you'll be connected to perlhost. Note that if you specify a default group and do not specify a file, then the default config files will all be read. See the documentation of the C function mysql_options() for details.

mysql_socket

As of MySQL 3.21.15, it is possible to choose the Unix socket that is used for connecting to the server. This is done, for example, with

mysql_socket=/dev/mysql

Usually there's no need for this option, unless you are using another location for the socket than that built into the client.

mysql_ssl

A true value turns on the CLIENT_SSL flag when connecting to the MySQL database:

mysql_ssl=1

This means that your communication with the server will be encrypted.

If you turn mysql_ssl on, you might also wish to use the following flags:

mysql_ssl_client_key

mysql_ssl_client_cert

mysql_ssl_ca_file

mysql_ssl_ca_path

mysql_ssl_cipher

These are used to specify the respective parameters of a call to mysql_ssl_set, if mysql_ssl is turned on.

mysql_local_infile

As of MySQL 3.23.49, the LOCAL capability for LOAD DATA may be disabled in the MySQL client library by default. If your DSN contains the option "mysql_local_infile=1", LOAD DATA LOCAL will be enabled. (However, this option is *ineffective* if the server has also been configured to disallow LOCAL.)

mysql_multi_statements

As of MySQL 4.1, support for multiple statements seperated by a semicolon (;) may be enabled by using this option. Enabling this option may cause problems if server-side prepared statements are also enabled.

Prepared statement support (server side prepare)

As of 3.0002_1, server side prepare statements were on by default (if your server was >= 4.1.3). As of 3.0009, they were off by default again due to issues with the prepared statement API (all other mysql connectors are set this way until C API issues are resolved). The requirement to use prepared statements still remains that you have a server >= 4.1.3

To use server side prepared statements, all you need to do is set the variable mysql_server_prepare in the connect:

$dbh = DBI->connect( "DBI:mysql:database=test;host=localhost;mysql_server_prepare=1", "", "", { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1 } );

* Note: delimiter for this param is ';'

There are many benefits to using server side prepare statements, mostly if you are performing many inserts because of that fact that a single statement is prepared to accept multiple insert values.

To make sure that the 'make test' step tests whether server prepare works, you just need to export the env variable MYSQL_SERVER_PREPARE:

export MYSQL_SERVER_PREPARE=1

mysql_embedded_options

The option <mysql_embedded_options> can be used to pass 'command-line' options to embedded server.

Example:

use DBI; $testdsn="DBI:mysqlEmb:database=test;mysql_embedded_options=--help,--verbose"; $dbh = DBI->connect($testdsn,"a","b");

This would cause the command line help to the embedded MySQL server library to be printed.

mysql_embedded_groups

The option <mysql_embedded_groups> can be used to specify the groups in the config file(my.cnf) which will be used to get options for embedded server. If not specified [server] and [embedded] groups will be used.

Example:

$testdsn="DBI:mysqlEmb:database=test;mysql_embedded_groups=embedded_server,common";

Private MetaData Methods

ListDBs

my $drh = DBI->install_driver("mysql");
@dbs = $drh->func("$hostname:$port", '_ListDBs');
@dbs = $drh->func($hostname, $port, '_ListDBs');
@dbs = $dbh->func('_ListDBs');

Returns a list of all databases managed by the MySQL server running on $hostname, port $port. This is a legacy method. Instead, you should use the portable method

@dbs = DBI->data_sources("mysql");

Server Administration

admin

$rc = $drh->func("createdb", $dbname, [host, user, password,], 'admin');
$rc = $drh->func("dropdb", $dbname, [host, user, password,], 'admin');
$rc = $drh->func("shutdown", [host, user, password,], 'admin');
$rc = $drh->func("reload", [host, user, password,], 'admin');

  or

$rc = $dbh->func("createdb", $dbname, 'admin');
$rc = $dbh->func("dropdb", $dbname, 'admin');
$rc = $dbh->func("shutdown", 'admin');
$rc = $dbh->func("reload", 'admin');

For server administration you need a server connection. For obtaining this connection you have two options: Either use a driver handle (drh) and supply the appropriate arguments (host, defaults localhost, user, defaults to '' and password, defaults to ''). A driver handle can be obtained with

$drh = DBI->install_driver('mysql');

Otherwise reuse the existing connection of a database handle (dbh).

There's only one function available for administrative purposes, comparable to the m(y)sqladmin programs. The command being execute depends on the first argument:

createdb

Creates the database $dbname. Equivalent to "m(y)sqladmin create $dbname".

dropdb

Drops the database $dbname. Equivalent to "m(y)sqladmin drop $dbname".

It should be noted that database deletion is not prompted for in any way. Nor is it undo-able from DBI.

Once you issue the dropDB() method, the database will be gone!

These method should be used at your own risk.

shutdown

Silently shuts down the database engine. (Without prompting!) Equivalent to "m(y)sqladmin shutdown".

reload

Reloads the servers configuration files and/or tables. This can be particularly important if you modify access privileges or create new users.

DATABASE HANDLES

The DBD::mysql driver supports the following attributes of database handles (read only):

$errno = $dbh->{'mysql_errno'};
$error = $dbh->{'mysql_error'};
$info = $dbh->{'mysql_hostinfo'};
$info = $dbh->{'mysql_info'};
$insertid = $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'};
$info = $dbh->{'mysql_protoinfo'};
$info = $dbh->{'mysql_serverinfo'};
$info = $dbh->{'mysql_stat'};
$threadId = $dbh->{'mysql_thread_id'};

These correspond to mysql_errno(), mysql_error(), mysql_get_host_info(), mysql_info(), mysql_insert_id(), mysql_get_proto_info(), mysql_get_server_info(), mysql_stat() and mysql_thread_id(), respectively.

$info_hashref = $dhb->{mysql_dbd_stats}

DBD::mysql keeps track of some statistics in the mysql_dbd_stats attribute. The following stats are being maintained:

auto_reconnects_ok: The number of times that DBD::mysql successfully reconnected to the mysql server.
auto_reconnects_failed: The number of times that DBD::mysql tried to reconnect to mysql but failed.

The DBD::mysql driver also supports the following attribute(s) of database handles (read/write):

$bool_value = $dbh->{mysql_auto_reconnect};
$dbh->{mysql_auto_reconnect} = $AutoReconnect ? 1 : 0;

mysql_auto_reconnect

This attribute determines whether DBD::mysql will automatically reconnect to mysql if the connection be lost. This feature defaults to off; however, if either the GATEWAY_INTERFACE or MOD_PERL envionment variable is set, DBD::mysql will turn mysql_auto_reconnect on. Setting mysql_auto_reconnect to on is not advised if 'lock tables' is used because if DBD::mysql reconnect to mysql all table locks will be lost. This attribute is ignored when AutoCommit is turned off, and when AutoCommit is turned off, DBD::mysql will not automatically reconnect to the server.

mysql_use_result

This attribute forces the driver to use mysql_use_result rather than mysql_store_result. The former is faster and less memory consuming, but tends to block other processes. (That's why mysql_store_result is the default.)

It is possible to set default value of the mysql_use_result attribute for $dbh using several ways:

- through DSN 

  $dbh= DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:test;mysql_use_result=1", "root", "");

- after creation of database handle

  $dbh->{'mysql_use_result'}=0; #disable
  $dbh->{'mysql_use_result'}=1; #enable

It is possible to set/unset the mysql_use_result attribute after creation of statement handle. See below.

mysql_enable_utf8

This attribute determines whether DBD::mysql should assume strings stored in the database are utf8. This feature defaults to off.

When set, a data retrieved from a textual column type (char, varchar, etc) will have the UTF-8 flag turned on if necessary. This enables character semantics on that string. You will also need to ensure that your database / table / column is configured to use UTF8. See Chapter 10 of the mysql manual for details.

Additionally, turning on this flag tells MySQL that incoming data should be treated as UTF-8. This will only take effect if used as part of the call to connect(). If you turn the flag on after connecting, you will need to issue the command SET NAMES utf8 to get the same effect.

This option is experimental and may change in future versions.

mysql_bind_type_guessing

This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements) to attempt to guess if a value being bound is a numeric value, and if so, doesn't quote the value. This was created by Dragonchild and is one way to deal with the performance issue of using quotes in a statement that is inserting or updating a large numeric value. This was previously called unsafe_bind_type_guessing because it is experimental. I have successfully run the full test suite with this option turned on, the name can now be simply mysql_bind_type_guessing.

CAVEAT: Even though you can insert an integer value into a character column, if this column is indexed, if you query that column with the integer value not being quoted, it will not use the index:

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = '3' \G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: test type: ref possible_keys: value0 key: value0 key_len: 13 ref: const rows: 1 Extra: Using index condition 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = 3 -> \G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: test type: ALL possible_keys: value0 key: NULL key_len: NULL ref: NULL rows: 6 Extra: Using where 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

See bug: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=43822

mysql_bind_comment_placeholders

This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements) will cause any placeholders in comments to be bound. This is not correct prepared statement behavior, but some developers have come to depend on this behavior, so I have made it available in 4.015

See bug: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=

mysql_bind_type_guessing can be turned on via

- through DSN 

 my $dbh= DBI->connect('DBI:mysql:test', 'username', 'pass',
 { mysql_bind_type_guessing => 1})

 - OR after handle creation

 $dbh->{mysql_bind_type_guessing} = 1;

mysql_no_autocommit_cmd

This attribute causes the driver to not issue 'set autocommit' either through explicit or using mysql_autocommit(). This is particularly useful in the case of using MySQL Proxy.

See the bug report:

https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=46308

As well as:

http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=32464

mysql_no_autocommit_cmd can be turned on via

- through DSN 

 my $dbh= DBI->connect('DBI:mysql:test', 'username', 'pass',
 { mysql_no_autocommit_cmd => 1})

 - OR after handle creation

 $dbh->{mysql_no_autocommit_cmd} = 1;

STATEMENT HANDLES

The statement handles of DBD::mysql support a number of attributes. You access these by using, for example,

my $numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};

Note, that most attributes are valid only after a successfull execute. An undef value will returned in that case. The most important exception is the mysql_use_result attribute: This forces the driver to use mysql_use_result rather than mysql_store_result. The former is faster and less memory consuming, but tends to block other processes. (That's why mysql_store_result is the default.)

To set the mysql_use_result attribute, use either of the following:

my $sth = $dbh->prepare("QUERY", { "mysql_use_result" => 1});

my $sth = $dbh->prepare("QUERY");
$sth->{"mysql_use_result"} = 1;

Column dependent attributes, for example NAME, the column names, are returned as a reference to an array. The array indices are corresponding to the indices of the arrays returned by fetchrow and similar methods. For example the following code will print a header of table names together with all rows:

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table");
  if (!$sth) {
      die "Error:" . $dbh->errstr . "\n";
  }
  if (!$sth->execute) {
      die "Error:" . $sth->errstr . "\n";
  }
  my $names = $sth->{'NAME'};
  my $numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
  for (my $i = 0;  $i < $numFields;  $i++) {
      printf("%s%s", $i ? "," : "", $$names[$i]);
  }
  print "\n";
  while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref) {
      for (my $i = 0;  $i < $numFields;  $i++) {
	  printf("%s%s", $i ? "," : "", $$ref[$i]);
      }
      print "\n";
  }

For portable applications you should restrict yourself to attributes with capitalized or mixed case names. Lower case attribute names are private to DBD::mysql. The attribute list includes:

ChopBlanks

this attribute determines whether a fetchrow will chop preceding and trailing blanks off the column values. Chopping blanks does not have impact on the max_length attribute.

mysql_insertid

MySQL has the ability to choose unique key values automatically. If this happened, the new ID will be stored in this attribute. An alternative way for accessing this attribute is via $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'}. (Note we are using the $dbh in this case!)

mysql_is_blob

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column is a blob. This attribute is valid for MySQL only.

mysql_is_key

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column is a key. This is valid for MySQL only.

mysql_is_num

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column contains numeric values.

mysql_is_pri_key

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column is a primary key.

mysql_is_auto_increment

Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates that the respective column is an AUTO_INCREMENT column. This is only valid for MySQL.

mysql_length

mysql_max_length

A reference to an array of maximum column sizes. The max_length is the maximum physically present in the result table, length gives the theoretically possible maximum. max_length is valid for MySQL only.

mysql_clientinfo

List information of the MySQL client library that DBD::mysql was built against:

print "$dbh->{mysql_clientinfo}\n";

5.2.0-MariaDB

mysql_clientversion

print "$dbh->{mysql_clientversion}\n";

50200

mysql_serverversion

print "$dbh->{mysql_serverversion}\n";

50200

NAME

A reference to an array of column names.

NULLABLE

A reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates that this column may contain NULL's.

NUM_OF_FIELDS

Number of fields returned by a SELECT or LISTFIELDS statement. You may use this for checking whether a statement returned a result: A zero value indicates a non-SELECT statement like INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE.

mysql_table

A reference to an array of table names, useful in a JOIN result.

TYPE

A reference to an array of column types. The engine's native column types are mapped to portable types like DBI::SQL_INTEGER() or DBI::SQL_VARCHAR(), as good as possible. Not all native types have a meaningfull equivalent, for example DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_INTERVAL is mapped to DBI::SQL_VARCHAR(). If you need the native column types, use mysql_type. See below.

mysql_type

A reference to an array of MySQL's native column types, for example DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_SHORT() or DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_STRING(). Use the TYPE attribute, if you want portable types like DBI::SQL_SMALLINT() or DBI::SQL_VARCHAR().

mysql_type_name

Similar to mysql, but type names and not numbers are returned. Whenever possible, the ANSI SQL name is preferred.

mysql_warning_count

The number of warnings generated during execution of the SQL statement.

TRANSACTION SUPPORT

Beginning with DBD::mysql 2.0416, transactions are supported. The transaction support works as follows:

By default AutoCommit mode is on, following the DBI specifications.
If you execute
```
$dbh->{'AutoCommit'} = 0;
```
or
```
$dbh->{'AutoCommit'} = 1;
```
then the driver will set the MySQL server variable autocommit to 0 or 1, respectively. Switching from 0 to 1 will also issue a COMMIT, following the DBI specifications.
The methods
```
$dbh->rollback();
$dbh->commit();
```
will issue the commands COMMIT and ROLLBACK, respectively. A ROLLBACK will also be issued if AutoCommit mode is off and the database handles DESTROY method is called. Again, this is following the DBI specifications.

Given the above, you should note the following:

You should never change the server variable autocommit manually, unless you are ignoring DBI's transaction support.
Switching AutoCommit mode from on to off or vice versa may fail. You should always check for errors, when changing AutoCommit mode. The suggested way of doing so is using the DBI flag RaiseError. If you don't like RaiseError, you have to use code like the following:
```
$dbh->{'AutoCommit'} = 0;
if ($dbh->{'AutoCommit'}) {
  # An error occurred!
}
```
If you detect an error while changing the AutoCommit mode, you should no longer use the database handle. In other words, you should disconnect and reconnect again, because the transaction mode is unpredictable. Alternatively you may verify the transaction mode by checking the value of the server variable autocommit. However, such behaviour isn't portable.
DBD::mysql has a "reconnect" feature that handles the so-called MySQL "morning bug": If the server has disconnected, most probably due to a timeout, then by default the driver will reconnect and attempt to execute the same SQL statement again. However, this behaviour is disabled when AutoCommit is off: Otherwise the transaction state would be completely unpredictable after a reconnect.
The "reconnect" feature of DBD::mysql can be toggled by using the mysql_auto_reconnect attribute. This behaviour should be turned off in code that uses LOCK TABLE because if the database server time out and DBD::mysql reconnect, table locks will be lost without any indication of such loss.

MULTIPLE RESULT SETS

As of version 3.0002_5, DBD::mysql supports multiple result sets (Thanks to Guy Harrison!). This is the first release of this functionality, so there may be issues. Please report bugs if you run into them!

The basic usage of multiple result sets is

do 
{
  while (@row= $sth->fetchrow_array())
  {
    do stuff;
  }
} while ($sth->more_results)

An example would be:

 $dbh->do("drop procedure if exists someproc") or print $DBI::errstr;

 $dbh->do("create procedure somproc() deterministic
  begin
  declare a,b,c,d int;
  set a=1;
  set b=2;
  set c=3;
  set d=4;
  select a, b, c, d;
  select d, c, b, a;
  select b, a, c, d;
  select c, b, d, a;
 end") or print $DBI::errstr;

 $sth=$dbh->prepare('call someproc()') || 
 die $DBI::err.": ".$DBI::errstr;

 $sth->execute || die DBI::err.": ".$DBI::errstr; $rowset=0;
 do {
   print "\nRowset ".++$i."\n---------------------------------------\n\n";
   foreach $colno (0..$sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}) {
     print $sth->{NAME}->[$colno]."\t";
   }
   print "\n";
   while (@row= $sth->fetchrow_array())  {
     foreach $field (0..$#row) {
       print $row[$field]."\t";
     }
     print "\n";
   }
 } until (!$sth->more_results)

For more examples, please see the eg/ directory. This is where helpful DBD::mysql code snippits will be added in the future.

Issues with Multiple result sets

So far, the main issue is if your result sets are "jagged", meaning, the number of columns of your results vary. Varying numbers of columns could result in your script crashing. This is something that will be fixed soon.

MULTITHREADING

The multithreading capabilities of DBD::mysql depend completely on the underlying C libraries: The modules are working with handle data only, no global variables are accessed or (to the best of my knowledge) thread unsafe functions are called. Thus DBD::mysql is believed to be completely thread safe, if the C libraries are thread safe and you don't share handles among threads.

The obvious question is: Are the C libraries thread safe? In the case of MySQL the answer is "mostly" and, in theory, you should be able to get a "yes", if the C library is compiled for being thread safe (By default it isn't.) by passing the option -with-thread-safe-client to configure. See the section on How to make a threadsafe client in the manual.

INSTALLATION

Windows users may skip this section and pass over to "WIN32 INSTALLATION" below. Others, go on reading.

First of all, you do not need an installed MySQL server for installing DBD::mysql. However, you need at least the client libraries and possibly the header files, if you are compiling DBD::mysql from source. In the case of MySQL you can create a client-only version by using the configure option --without-server. If you are using precompiled binaries, then it may be possible to use just selected RPM's like MySQL-client and MySQL-devel or something similar, depending on the distribution.

First you need to install the DBI module. For using dbimon, a simple DBI shell it is recommended to install Data::ShowTable another Perl module.

I recommend trying automatic installation via the CPAN module. Try

perl -MCPAN -e shell

If you are using the CPAN module for the first time, it will prompt you a lot of questions. If you finally receive the CPAN prompt, enter

install Bundle::DBD::mysql

If this fails (which may be the case for a number of reasons, for example because you are behind a firewall or don't have network access), you need to do a manual installation. First of all you need to fetch the modules from CPAN search

http://search.cpan.org/

The following modules are required

DBI
Data::ShowTable
DBD::mysql

Then enter the following commands (note - versions are just examples):

gzip -cd DBI-(version).tar.gz | tar xf -
cd DBI-(version)
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

cd ..
gzip -cd Data-ShowTable-(version).tar.gz | tar xf -
cd Data-ShowTable-3.3
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install

cd ..
gzip -cd DBD-mysql-(version)-tar.gz | tar xf -
cd DBD-mysql-(version)
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

During "perl Makefile.PL" you will be prompted some questions. Other questions are the directories with header files and libraries. For example, of your file mysql.h is in /usr/include/mysql/mysql.h, then enter the header directory /usr, likewise for /usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.a or /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.

WIN32 INSTALLATION

If you are using ActivePerl, you may use ppm to install DBD-mysql. For Perl 5.6, upgrade to Build 623 or later, then it is sufficient to run

ppm install DBI
ppm install DBD::mysql

If you need an HTTP proxy, you might need to set the environment variable http_proxy, for example like this:

set http_proxy=http://myproxy.com:8080/

As of this writing, DBD::mysql is missing in the ActivePerl 5.8.0 repository. However, Randy Kobes has kindly donated an own distribution and the following might succeed:

ppm install http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/DBD-mysql.ppd

Otherwise you definitely *need* a C compiler. And it *must* be the same compiler that was being used for compiling Perl itself. If you don't have a C compiler, the file README.win32 from the Perl source distribution tells you where to obtain freely distributable C compilers like egcs or gcc. The Perl sources are available via CPAN search

http://search.cpan.org

I recommend using the win32clients package for installing DBD::mysql under Win32, available for download on www.tcx.se. The following steps have been required for me:

-

The current Perl versions (5.6, as of this writing) do have a problem with detecting the C libraries. I recommend to apply the following patch:

*** c:\Perl\lib\ExtUtils\Liblist.pm.orig Sat Apr 15 20:03:40 2000
--- c:\Perl\lib\ExtUtils\Liblist.pm      Sat Apr 15 20:03:45 2000
***************
*** 230,235 ****
--- 230,239 ----
    # add "$Config{installarchlib}/CORE" to default search path
    push @libpath, "$Config{installarchlib}/CORE";

+     if ($VC  and  exists($ENV{LIB})  and  defined($ENV{LIB})) {
+       push(@libpath, split(/;/, $ENV{LIB}));
+     }
+
    foreach (Text::ParseWords::quotewords('\s+', 0, $potential_libs)){

      $thislib = $_;

-

Extract sources into C:\. This will create a directory C:\mysql with subdirectories include and lib.

IMPORTANT: Make sure this subdirectory is not shared by other TCX files! In particular do *not* store the MySQL server in the same directory. If the server is already installed in C:\mysql, choose a location like C:\tmp, extract the win32clients there. Note that you can remove this directory entirely once you have installed DBD::mysql.

-

Extract the DBD::mysql sources into another directory, for example C:\src\siteperl

-

Open a DOS shell and change directory to C:\src\siteperl.

-

The next step is only required if you repeat building the modules: Make sure that you have a clean build tree by running

nmake realclean

If you don't have VC++, replace nmake with your flavour of make. If error messages are reported in this step, you may safely ignore them.

-

Run

perl Makefile.PL

which will prompt you for some settings. The really important ones are:

Which DBMS do you want to use?

enter a 1 here (MySQL only), and

Where is your mysql installed? Please tell me the directory that
contains the subdir include.

where you have to enter the win32clients directory, for example C:\mysql or C:\tmp\mysql.

-

Continued in the usual way:

nmake
nmake install

If you want to create a PPM package for the ActiveState Perl version, then modify the above steps as follows: Run

perl Makefile.PL NAME=DBD-mysql BINARY_LOCATION=DBD-mysql.tar.gz
nmake ppd
nmake

Once that is done, use tar and gzip (for example those from the CygWin32 distribution) to create an archive:

mkdir x86
tar cf x86/DBD-mysql.tar blib
gzip x86/DBD-mysql.tar

Put the files x86/DBD-mysql.tar.gz and DBD-mysql.ppd onto some WWW server and install them by typing

install http://your.server.name/your/directory/DBD-mysql.ppd

in the PPM program.

AUTHORS

Originally, there was a non-DBI driver, Mysql, which was much like PHP drivers such as mysql and mysqli. The Mysql module was originally written by Andreas König <koenig@kulturbox.de> who still, to this day, contributes patches to DBD::mysql. An emulated version of Mysql was provided to DBD::mysql from Jochen Wiedmann, but eventually deprecated as it was another bundle of code to maintain.

The first incarnation of DBD::mysql was developed by Alligator Descartes, who was also aided and abetted by Gary Shea, Andreas König and Tim Bunce.

The current incarnation of DBD::mysql was written by Jochen Wiedmann, then numerous changes and bug-fixes were added by Rudy Lippan. Next, prepared statement support was added by Patrick Galbraith and Alexy Stroganov (who also soley added embedded server support).

For the past seven years DBD::mysql has been maintained by Patrick Galbraith (patg@patg.net) along with the entire community of Perl developers who keep sending patches and making Patrick's job easier.

CONTRIBUTIONS

Anyone who desires to contribute to this project is encouraged to do so. Currently, the sourcecode for this project can be found at Github:

git://github.com/CaptTofu/DBD-mysql.git

Either fork this repository and produce a branch with your changeset that the maintainer can merge to his tree, or create a diff with git. The maintainer is more than glad to take contributions from the community as many features and fixes from DBD::mysql have come from the community.

COPYRIGHT

This module is Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2010 Patrick Galbraith Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Alexey Stroganov Large Portions Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Rudolf Lippan Large Portions Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Jochen Wiedmann, with code portions Copyright (c)1994-1997 their original authors This module is released under the same license as Perl itself. See the Perl README for details.

MAILING LIST SUPPORT

This module is maintained and supported on a mailing list,

perl@lists.mysql.com

To subscribe to this list, go to

http://lists.mysql.com/perl?sub=1

Mailing list archives are available at

http://lists.mysql.com/perl

Additionally you might try the dbi-user mailing list for questions about DBI and its modules in general. Subscribe via

dbi-users-subscribe@perl.org

Mailing list archives are at

http://groups.google.com/group/perl.dbi.users?hl=en&lr=

Also, the main DBI site is at

http://dbi.perl.org/

And source:

git://github.com/CaptTofu/DBD-mysql.git

ADDITIONAL DBI INFORMATION

Additional information on the DBI project can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL:

http://dbi.perl.org

where documentation, pointers to the mailing lists and mailing list archives and pointers to the most current versions of the modules can be used.

Information on the DBI interface itself can be gained by typing:

perldoc DBI

right now!

BUG REPORTING, ENHANCEMENT/FEATURE REQUESTS

Please report bugs, including all the information needed such as DBD::mysql version, MySQL version, OS type/version, etc to this link:

http://bugs.mysql.com/

4 POD Errors

The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:

Around line 1234:: '=item' outside of any '=over'
Around line 1382:: You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'
Around line 1645:: You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'
Around line 1934:: Non-ASCII character seen before =encoding in 'König'. Assuming CP1252

To install DBD::mysql, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm DBD::mysql

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install DBD::mysql

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

	Global
`s`	Focus search bar
`?`	Bring up this help dialog

	GitHub
`g` `p`	Go to pull requests
`g` `i`	go to github issues (only if github is preferred repository)

	POD
`g` `a`	Go to author
`g` `c`	Go to changes
`g` `i`	Go to issues
`g` `d`	Go to dist
`g` `r`	Go to repository/SCM
`g` `s`	Go to source
`g` `b`	Go to file browse

	Search terms
module: (e.g. module:Plugin)
distribution: (e.g. distribution:Dancer auth)
author: (e.g. author:SONGMU Redis)
version: (e.g. version:1.00)

NAME

SYNOPSIS

EXAMPLE

DESCRIPTION

Class Methods

Private MetaData Methods

Server Administration

DATABASE HANDLES

STATEMENT HANDLES

TRANSACTION SUPPORT

MULTIPLE RESULT SETS

Issues with Multiple result sets

MULTITHREADING

INSTALLATION

WIN32 INSTALLATION

AUTHORS

CONTRIBUTIONS

COPYRIGHT

MAILING LIST SUPPORT

ADDITIONAL DBI INFORMATION

BUG REPORTING, ENHANCEMENT/FEATURE REQUESTS

Module Install Instructions