NAME

CGI::IDS - PerlIDS - Perl Website Intrusion Detection System (XSS, CSRF, SQLI, LFI etc.)

VERSION

Version 1.0215 - based on and tested against the filter tests of PHPIDS https://phpids.org rev. 1409

DESCRIPTION

PerlIDS (CGI::IDS) is a website intrusion detection system based on PHPIDS https://phpids.org/ to detect possible attacks in website requests, e.g. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), SQL Injections (SQLI) etc.

It parses any hashref for possible attacks, so it does not depend on CGI.pm.

The intrusion detection is based on a set of converters that convert the request according to common techniques that are used to hide attacks. These converted strings are checked for attacks by running a filter set of currently 68 regular expressions and a generic attack detector to find obfuscated attacks. For easily keeping the filter set up-to-date, PerlIDS is compatible to the original XML filter set of PHPIDS, which is frequently updated.

Each matching regular expression has it's own impact value that increases the tested string's total attack impact. Using these total impacts, a threshold can be defined by the calling application to log the suspicious requests to database and send out warnings via e-mail or even SMS on high impacts that indicate critical attack activity. These impacts can be summed per IP address, session or user to identify attackers who are testing the website with small impact attacks over a time.

You can improve the speed and the accurancy (reduce false positives) of the IDS by specifying an XML whitelist file. This whitelist check can also be processed separately by using CGI::IDS::Whitelist if you want to pre-check the parameters on your application servers before you send only the suspicious requests over to worker servers that do the complete CGI::IDS check.

Follow PerlIDS on twitter: https://twitter.com/perlids

SYNOPSIS

use CGI;
use CGI::IDS;

$cgi = new CGI;

# instantiate the IDS object;
# do not scan keys, values only; don't scan PHP code injection filters (IDs 58,59,60);
# whitelist the parameters as per given XML whitelist file;
# All arguments are optional, 'my $ids = new CGI::IDS();' is also working correctly,
# loading the entire shipped filter set and not scanning the keys.
# See new() for all possible arguments.
my $ids = new CGI::IDS(
    whitelist_file  => '/home/hinnerk/ids/param_whitelist.xml',
    disable_filters => [58,59,60],
);

# start detection
my %params = $cgi->Vars;
my $impact = $ids->detect_attacks( request => \%params );

if ($impact > 0) {
    my_log( $ids->get_attacks() );
}
if ($impact > 30) {
    my_warn_user();
    my_email( $ids->get_attacks() );
}
if ($impact > 50) {
    my_deactivate_user();
    my_sms( $ids->get_attacks() );
}

# now with scanning the hash keys
$ids->set_scan_keys(scan_keys => 1);
$impact = $ids->detect_attacks( request => \%params );

See examples/demo.pl in CGI::IDS module package for a running demo.

You might want to build your own 'session impact counter' that increases during multiple suspicious requests by one single user, session or IP address.

METHODS

new()

Constructor. Can optionally take a hash of settings. If filters_file is not given, the shipped filter set will be loaded, scan_keys defaults to 0.

The filter set and whitelist will stay loaded during the lifetime of the object. You may call detect_attacks() multiple times, the attack array (get_attacks()) will be emptied at the start of each run of detect_attacks().

For example, the following is a valid constructor:

my $ids = new CGI::IDS(
    filters_file    => '/home/hinnerk/ids/default_filter.xml',
    whitelist_file  => '/home/hinnerk/ids/param_whitelist.xml',
    scan_keys       => 0,
    disable_filters => [58,59,60],
);

The Constructor dies (croaks) if no filter rule could be loaded.

detect_attacks()

DESCRIPTION
  Parses a hashref (e.g. $query->Vars) for detection of possible attacks.
  The attack array is emptied at the start of each run.
INPUT
  +request   hashref to be parsed
OUTPUT
  Impact if filter matched, 0 otherwise
SYNOPSIS
  $ids->detect_attacks(request => $query->Vars);

set_scan_keys()

DESCRIPTION
  Sets key scanning option
INPUT
  +scan_keys   1 to scan keys, 0 to switch off scanning keys, defaults to 0
OUTPUT
  none
SYNOPSIS
  $ids->set_scan_keys(scan_keys => 1);

get_attacks()

DESCRIPTION
  Get an key/value/impact array of all detected attacks.
  The array is emptied at the start of each run of C<detect_attacks()>.
INPUT
  none
OUTPUT
  ARRAY (
    key     => '',
    value   => '',
    impact  => n,
    filters => (n, n, n, n, ...),
    tags    => ('', '', '', '', ...),
  )
SYNOPSIS
  $ids->get_attacks();

get_rule_description()

DESCRIPTION
  Returns the rule description for a given rule id. This can be used for logging purposes.
INPUT
  HASH
  + rule_id      id of rule
OUTPUT
  SCALAR description
EXAMPLE
  $ids->get_rule_description( rule_id => $rule_id );

XML INPUT FILES

Filters

This module is compatible with the PHPIDS filter set. Please find the latest (frequently updated) filter file from the PHPIDS Subversion repository at https://dev.itratos.de/projects/php-ids/repository/raw/trunk/lib/IDS/default_filter.xml.

Example XML Code

<filters>
    <filter>
        <id>1</id>
        <rule><![CDATA[(?:"+.*>)|(?:[^\w\s]\s*\/>)|(?:>")]]></rule>
        <description>finds html breaking injections including whitespace attacks</description>
        <tags>
            <tag>xss</tag>
            <tag>csrf</tag>
        </tags>
        <impact>4</impact>
    </filter>
    <filter>
        <id>2</id>
        <rule><![CDATA[(?:"+.*[<=]\s*"[^"]+")|(?:"\w+\s*=)|(?:>\w=\/)|(?:#.+\)["\s]*>)|(?:"\s*(?:src|style|on\w+)\s*=\s*")]]></rule>
        <description>finds attribute breaking injections including whitespace attacks</description>
        <tags>
            <tag>xss</tag>
            <tag>csrf</tag>
        </tags>
        <impact>4</impact>
    </filter>
</filters>

Used XML Tags

filters

The root tag.
- filter
  
  Filter item.
  - id
    
    Filter ID for referring in log files etc.
  - rule
    
    The regular expression for detection of malicious code. Case-insensitive; mode modifiers i, m and s in use.
  - description
    
    Description of what the filter finds.
  - tags
    
    Set of tags that describe the kind of attack.
    - tag
      
      Currently used values are xss, csrf, sqli, dt, id, lfi, rfe, spam, dos.
  - impact
    
    Value of impact, defines the weight of the attack. Each detection run adds the particular filter impacts to one total impact sum.

Whitelist

Using a whitelist you can improve the speed and the accurancy (reduce false positives) of the IDS. A whitelist defines which parameters do not need to undergo the expensive scanning (if their values match given rules and given conditions).

Example XML Code

<whitelist>
    <param>
        <key>scr_id</key>
        <rule><![CDATA[(?:^[0-9]+\.[0-9a-f]+$)]]></rule>
    </param>
    <param>
        <key>uid</key>
    </param>
    <param>
        <key>json_value</key>
        <encoding>json</encoding>
    </param>
    <param>
        <key>login_password</key>
        <conditions>
            <condition>
                <key>username</key>
                <rule><![CDATA[(?:^[a-z]+$)]]></rule>
           </condition>
           <condition>
               <key>send</key>
           </condition>
           <condition>
               <key>action</key>
               <rule><![CDATA[(?:^login$)]]></rule>
           </condition>
        </conditions>
    </param>
    <param>
        <key>sender_id</key>
        <rule><![CDATA[(?:[0-9]+\.[0-9a-f]+)]]></rule>
        <conditions>
            <condition>
                <key>action</key>
                <rule><![CDATA[(?:^message$)]]></rule>
           </condition>
        </conditions>
    </param>
</whitelist>

Used XML Tags

whitelist

The root tag.
- param
  
  Parameter item. Defines the query parameter to be whitelisted.
  - key
    
    Parameter key.
  - rule
    
    Regular expression to match. If the parameter value matches this rule or the rule tag is not present, the IDS will not run its filters on it. Case-sensitive; mode modifiers m and s in use.
  - encoding
    
    Use value json if the parameter contains JSON encoded data. IDS will test the decoded data, otherwise a false positive would occur due to the 'suspicious' JSON encoding characters.
  - conditions
    
    Set of conditions to be fulfilled. This is the parameter environment in which the whitelisted parameter has to live in. The parameter will only be skipped if all conditions (and its own parameter rule) match.
    
    In the example XML this means: login_password may only be skipped of filtering if parameter action equals login, parameter send is present and parameter username contains only small letters.
    - condition
      
      A condition to be fulfilled.
      - key
        
        Parameter key.
      - rule
        
        Regular expression to match. Missing <rule> means key has to be present no matter what content (can even be empty).

Helper methods for building and improving whitelists

# check request
my $impact = $ids->detect_attacks( request => $request);

# print reasons and key/value pairs to a logfile for analysis of your application parameters.
print LOG "filtered_keys:\n"
foreach my $entry (@{$ids->{filtered_keys}}) {
    print LOG "\t".$entry->{reason}."\t".$entry->{key}.' => '.$entry->{value}."\n";
}
print LOG "non_filtered_keys:\n"
foreach my $entry (@{$ids->{non_filtered_keys}}) {
    print LOG "\t".$entry->{reason}."\t".$entry->{key}.' => '.$entry->{value}."\n";
}

$entry->{reason} returns following reasons for skipping and non-skipping a value:

$ids->{filtered_keys}

key: key not whitelisted

Filtered due to missing rule set for this key.
cond: condition mismatch

Filtered due to mismatching conditions for this key.
rule: rule mismatch

Filtered due to mismatching rule for this key.
enc: value contains encoding

Filtered due to containing (JSON) encoding for this key.

$ids->{non_filtered_keys}

empty: empty value

Not filtered due to empty value for this key.
harml: harmless value

Not filtered due to harmless value string for this key.
key: key generally whitelisted

Not filtered because the key has been generally whitelisted.
r&c: rule & conditions matched

Not filtered due to matching rules and conditions for this key.

BUGS

Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-cgi-ids at rt.cpan.org, or through the web interface at http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=CGI-IDS. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.

SUPPORT

You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.

perldoc CGI::IDS

You can also look for information at:

RT: CPAN's request tracker

http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=CGI-IDS
AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation

http://annocpan.org/dist/CGI-IDS
CPAN Ratings

http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/CGI-IDS
Search CPAN

http://search.cpan.org/dist/CGI-IDS

CREDITS

Thanks to:

Mario Heiderich (https://phpids.org/)
Christian Matthies (https://phpids.org/)
Ingo Bax (http://www.epublica.de/)

AUTHOR

Hinnerk Altenburg, <hinnerk at cpan.org>

COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

This file is part of PerlIDS.

PerlIDS is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

PerlIDS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with PerlIDS. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

To install CGI::IDS, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm CGI::IDS

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install CGI::IDS

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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NAME

VERSION

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

METHODS

new()

detect_attacks()

set_scan_keys()

get_attacks()

get_rule_description()

XML INPUT FILES

Filters

Example XML Code

Used XML Tags

Whitelist

Example XML Code

Used XML Tags

Helper methods for building and improving whitelists

BUGS

SUPPORT

CREDITS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

Module Install Instructions