NAME
Unicode::Collate::Locale - Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate
SYNOPSIS
use Unicode::Collate::Locale;
#construct
$Collator = Unicode::Collate::Locale->
new(locale => $locale_name, %tailoring);
#sort
@sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted);
#compare
$result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b); # returns 1, 0, or -1.Note: Strings in @not_sorted, $a and $b are interpreted according to Perl's Unicode support. See perlunicode, perluniintro, perlunitut, perlunifaq, utf8. Otherwise you can use preprocess (cf. Unicode::Collate) or should decode them before.
DESCRIPTION
This module provides linguistic tailoring for it taking advantage of Unicode::Collate.
Constructor
The new method returns a collator object.
A parameter list for the constructor is a hash, which can include a special key locale and its value (case-insensitive) standing for a Unicode base language code (two or three-letter). For example, Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(locale => 'ES') returns a collator tailored for Spanish.
$locale_name may be suffixed with a Unicode script code (four-letter), a Unicode region (territory) code, a Unicode language variant code. These codes are case-insensitive, and separated with '_' or '-'. E.g. en_US for English in USA, az_Cyrl for Azerbaijani in the Cyrillic script, es_ES_traditional for Spanish in Spain (Traditional).
If $locale_name is not available, fallback is selected in the following order:
1. language with a variant code
2. language with a script code
3. language with a region code
4. language
5. defaultTailoring tags provided by Unicode::Collate are allowed as long as they are not used for locale support. Esp. the table tag is always untailorable, since it is reserved for DUCET.
However entry is allowed, even if it is used for locale support, to add or override mappings.
E.g. a collator for Spanish, which ignores diacritics and case difference (i.e. level 1), with reversed case ordering and no normalization.
Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(
level => 1,
locale => 'es',
upper_before_lower => 1,
normalization => undef
)Overriding a behavior already tailored by locale is disallowed if such a tailoring is passed to new().
Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(
locale => 'da',
upper_before_lower => 0, # causes error as reserved by 'da'
)However change() inherited from Unicode::Collate allows such a tailoring that is reserved by locale. Examples:
new(locale => 'fr_ca')->change(backwards => undef)
new(locale => 'da')->change(upper_before_lower => 0)
new(locale => 'ja')->change(overrideCJK => undef)Methods
Unicode::Collate::Locale is a subclass of Unicode::Collate and methods other than new are inherited from Unicode::Collate.
Here is a list of additional methods:
$Collator->getlocale-
Returns a language code accepted and used actually on collation. If linguistic tailoring is not provided for a language code you passed (intensionally for some languages, or due to the incomplete implementation), this method returns a string
'default'meaning no special tailoring. $Collator->locale_version-
(Since Unicode::Collate::Locale 0.87) Returns the version number (perhaps
/\d\.\d\d/) of the locale, as that of Locale/*.pl.Note: Locale/*.pl that a collator uses should be identified by a combination of return values from
getlocaleandlocale_version.
A list of tailorable locales
locale name description
--------------------------------------------------------------
af Afrikaans
ar Arabic
as Assamese
az Azerbaijani (Azeri)
be Belarusian
bn Bengali
bs Bosnian (tailored as Croatian)
bs_Cyrl Bosnian in Cyrillic (tailored as Serbian)
ca Catalan
cs Czech
cu Church Slavic
cy Welsh
da Danish
de__phonebook German (umlaut as 'ae', 'oe', 'ue')
de_AT_phonebook Austrian German (umlaut primary greater)
dsb Lower Sorbian
ee Ewe
eo Esperanto
es Spanish
es__traditional Spanish ('ch' and 'll' as a grapheme)
et Estonian
fa Persian
fi Finnish (v and w are primary equal)
fi__phonebook Finnish (v and w as separate characters)
fil Filipino
fo Faroese
fr_CA Canadian French
gu Gujarati
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
he Hebrew
hi Hindi
hr Croatian
hu Hungarian
hy Armenian
ig Igbo
is Icelandic
ja Japanese [1]
kk Kazakh
kl Kalaallisut
kn Kannada
ko Korean [2]
kok Konkani
lkt Lakota
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
lv Latvian
mk Macedonian
ml Malayalam
mr Marathi
mt Maltese
nb Norwegian Bokmal
nn Norwegian Nynorsk
nso Northern Sotho
om Oromo
or Oriya
pa Punjabi
pl Polish
ro Romanian
sa Sanskrit
se Northern Sami
si Sinhala
si__dictionary Sinhala (U+0DA5 = U+0DA2,0DCA,0DA4)
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
sq Albanian
sr Serbian
sr_Latn Serbian in Latin (tailored as Croatian)
sv Swedish (v and w are primary equal)
sv__reformed Swedish (v and w as separate characters)
ta Tamil
te Telugu
th Thai
tn Tswana
to Tonga
tr Turkish
ug_Cyrl Uyghur in Cyrillic
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
vi Vietnamese
vo Volapu"k
wae Walser
wo Wolof
yo Yoruba
zh Chinese
zh__big5han Chinese (ideographs: big5 order)
zh__gb2312han Chinese (ideographs: GB-2312 order)
zh__pinyin Chinese (ideographs: pinyin order) [3]
zh__stroke Chinese (ideographs: stroke order) [3]
zh__zhuyin Chinese (ideographs: zhuyin order) [3]
--------------------------------------------------------------Locales according to the default UCA rules include am (Amharic) without [reorder Ethi], bg (Bulgarian) without [reorder Cyrl], chr (Cherokee) without [reorder Cher], de (German), en (English), fr (French), ga (Irish), id (Indonesian), it (Italian), ka (Georgian) without [reorder Geor], mn (Mongolian) without [reorder Cyrl Mong], ms (Malay), nl (Dutch), pt (Portuguese), ru (Russian) without [reorder Cyrl], sw (Swahili), zu (Zulu).
Note
[1] ja: Ideographs are sorted in JIS X 0208 order. Fullwidth and halfwidth forms are identical to their regular form. The difference between hiragana and katakana is at the 4th level, the comparison also requires (variable => 'Non-ignorable'), and then katakana_before_hiragana has no effect.
[2] ko: Plenty of ideographs are sorted by their reading. Such an ideograph is primary (level 1) equal to, and secondary (level 2) greater than, the corresponding hangul syllable.
[3] zh__pinyin, zh__stroke and zh__zhuyin: implemented alt='short', where a smaller number of ideographs are tailored.
A list of variant codes and their aliases
variant code alias
------------------------------------------
dictionary dict
phonebook phone phonebk
reformed reform
traditional trad
------------------------------------------
big5han big5
gb2312han gb2312
pinyin
stroke
zhuyin
------------------------------------------Note: 'pinyin' is Han in Latin, 'zhuyin' is Han in Bopomofo.
INSTALL
Installation of Unicode::Collate::Locale requires Collate/Locale.pm, Collate/Locale/*.pm, Collate/CJK/*.pm and Collate/allkeys.txt. On building, Unicode::Collate::Locale doesn't require any of data/*.txt, gendata/*, and mklocale. Tests for Unicode::Collate::Locale are named t/loc_*.t.
CAVEAT
- Tailoring is not maximum
-
Even if a certain letter is tailored, its equivalent would not always tailored as well as it. For example, even though W is tailored, fullwidth W (
U+FF37), W with acute (U+1E82), etc. are not tailored. The result may depend on whether source strings are normalized or not, and whether decomposed or composed. Thus(normalization => undef)is less preferred. - Collation reordering is not supported
-
The order of any groups including scripts is not changed.
Reference
locale based CLDR or other reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
af 30 = 1.8.1
ar 30 = 28 ("compat" wo [reorder Arab]) = 1.9.0
as 30 = 28 (without [reorder Beng..]) = 23
az 30 = 24 ("standard" wo [reorder Latn Cyrl])
be 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
bn 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Beng..]) = 2.0.1
bs 30 = 28 (type="standard": [import hr])
bs_Cyrl 30 = 28 (type="standard": [import sr])
ca 30 = 23 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
cs 30 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
cu 34 = 30 (without [reorder Cyrl])
cy 30 = 1.8.1
da 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
de__phonebook 30 = 2.0 (type="phonebook")
de_AT_phonebook 30 = 27 (type="phonebook")
dsb 30 = 26
ee 30 = 21
eo 30 = 1.8.1
es 30 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
es__traditional 30 = 1.8.1 (type="traditional")
et 30 = 26
fa 22.1 = 1.8.1
fi 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
fi__phonebook 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="phonebook")
fil 30 = 1.9.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
fo 22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
fr_CA 30 = 1.9.0
gu 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Gujr..]) = 1.9.0
ha 30 = 1.9.0
haw 30 = 24
he 30 = 28 (without [reorder Hebr]) = 23
hi 30 = 28 (without [reorder Deva..]) = 1.9.0
hr 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Latn Cyrl]) = 1.9.0
hu 22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
hy 30 = 28 (without [reorder Armn]) = 1.8.1
ig 30 = 1.8.1
is 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
ja 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
kk 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
kl 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
kn 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Knda..]) = 1.9.0
ko 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
kok 30 = 28 (without [reorder Deva..]) = 1.8.1
lkt 30 = 25
ln 30 = 2.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
lt 22.1 = 1.9.0
lv 22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
mk 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
ml 22.1 = 1.9.0
mr 30 = 28 (without [reorder Deva..]) = 1.8.1
mt 22.1 = 1.9.0
nb 22.1 = 2.0 (type="standard")
nn 22.1 = 2.0 (type="standard")
nso [*] 26 = 1.8.1
om 22.1 = 1.8.1
or 30 = 28 (without [reorder Orya..]) = 1.9.0
pa 22.1 = 1.8.1
pl 30 = 1.8.1
ro 30 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
sa [*] 1.9.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
se 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
si 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Sinh..]) = 1.9.0
si__dictionary 30 = 28 ("dictionary" wo [reorder Sinh..]) = 1.9.0
sk 22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
sl 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
sq 22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
sr 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
sr_Latn 30 = 28 (type="standard": [import hr])
sv 22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
sv__reformed 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="reformed")
ta 22.1 = 1.9.0
te 30 = 28 (without [reorder Telu..]) = 1.9.0
th 22.1 = 22
tn [*] 26 = 1.8.1
to 22.1 = 22
tr 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
uk 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
ug_Cyrl https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet
ur 22.1 = 1.9.0
vi 22.1 = 1.8.1
vo 30 = 25
wae 30 = 2.0
wo [*] 1.9.1 = 1.8.1
yo 30 = 1.8.1
zh 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
zh__big5han 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="big5han")
zh__gb2312han 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="gb2312han")
zh__pinyin 22.1 = 2.0 (type='pinyin' alt='short')
zh__stroke 22.1 = 1.9.1 (type='stroke' alt='short')
zh__zhuyin 22.1 = 22 (type='zhuyin' alt='short')
--------------------------------------------------------------------[*] http://www.unicode.org/repos/cldr/tags/latest/seed/collation/
AUTHOR
The Unicode::Collate::Locale module for perl was written by SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>. This module is Copyright(C) 2004-2020, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan. All rights reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
- Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10
- The Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET)
- Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35
- CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository
- Unicode::Collate
- Unicode::Normalize