NAME
Scales - supply necessary notes / offsets for musical scalesSYNOPSIS
use Music::Scales;
my @maj = get_scale_notes('Eb'); # defaults to major
print join(" ",@maj); # "Eb F G Ab Bb C D"
my @blues = get_scale_nums('bl'); # 'bl','blu','blue','blues'
print join(" ",@blues); # "0 3 5 6 7 10"
my %min = get_scale_offsets ('G','mm',1); # descending melodic minor
print map {"$_=$min{$_} "} sort keys %min; # "A=0 B=-1 C=0 D=0 E=-1 F=0 G=0"DESCRIPTION
Given a keynote A-G(#/b) and a scale-name, will return the scale,
either as an array of notenames or as a hash of semitone-offsets for each note.METHODS
get_scale_nums($scale[,$descending])
returns an array of semitone offsets for the requested scale, ascending/descending the given scale for one octave. The descending flag determines the direction of the scale, and also affects those scales (such as melodic minor) where the notes vary depending upon the direction. Scaletypes and valid values for $scale are listed below.
get_scale_notes($notename[,$scale,$descending,$keypref])
returns an array of notenames, starting from the given keynote. Enharmonic equivalencies (whether to use F# or Gb, for instance) are calculated based on the keynote and the scale. Basically, it attempts to do the Right Thing if the scale is an 8-note one, (the 7th in G harmonic minor being F# rather than Gb, although G minor is a 'flat' key), but for any other scales, (Chromatic, blues etc.) it picks equivalencies based upon the keynote. This can be overidden with $keypref, setting to be either '#' or 'b' for sharps and flats respectively. Cruftiness abounds here :)
get_scale_offsets($notename[,$scale,$descending,$keypref])
as get_scale_notes(), except it returns a hash of notenames with the values being a semitone offset (-1, 0 or 1) as shown in the synopsis.
get_scale_MIDI($notename,$octave[,$scale,$descending])
as get_scale_notes(), but returns an array of MIDI note-numbers, given an octave number (-1..9).
get_scale_PDL($notename,$octave[,$scale,$descending])
as get_scale_MIDI(), but returns an array of PDL-format notes.
is_scale($scalename)
returns true if $scalename is a valid scale name used in this module.
SCALES
Scales can be passed either by name or number. The default scale is 'major' if none / invalid is given. Text::Abbrev is used on scalenames, so they can be as abbreviated as unambiguously possible ('dor','io' etc.). Other abbreviations are shown in brackets.
1 ionian / major / hypolydian
2 dorian / hypmixolydian
3 phrygian / hypoaeolian
4 lydian / hypolocrian
5 mixolydian / hypoionian
6 aeolian / hypodorian / minor / m
7 locrian / hypophrygian
8 harmonic minor / hm
9 melodic minor / mm
10 blues
11 pentatonic (pmajor)
12 chromatic
13 diminished
14 wholetone
15 augmented
16 hungarian minor
17 3 semitone
18 4 semitone
19 neapolitan minor (nmin)
20 neapolitan major (nmaj)
21 todi
22 marva
23 persian
24 oriental
25 romanian
26 pelog
27 iwato
28 hirajoshi
29 egyptian
30 pentatonic minor (pminor)EXAMPLE
This will print every scale in every key, adjusting the enharmonic equivalents accordingly.
foreach my $note qw (C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B) {
foreach my $mode (1..30) {
my @notes = get_scale_notes($note,$mode);
push @notes, get_scale_notes($note,$mode,1); # descending
print join(" ",@notes),"\n";
}
}TODO
Add further range of scales from http://www.cs.ruu.nl/pub/MIDI/DOC/scales.zip
Improve enharmonic eqivalents.
Microtones
Generate ragas,gamelan etc. - maybe needs an 'ethnic' subset of modulesAUTHOR
Ben Daglish (bdaglish@surfnet-ds.co.uk)
Thanks to Steve Hay for pointing out my 'minor' mix-up and many suggestions.
Thanks also to Gene Boggs for the 'is_scale' suggestion / code.BUGS
A few enharmonic problems still...
All feedback most welcome.COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2003, Ben Daglish. All Rights Reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
The full text of the license can be found in the
LICENSE file included with this module.SEE ALSO
PDL::Audio::Scale, perl(1).