/ 
Math-PlanePath-Toothpick-18
River stage zero No dependents
/ Math::PlanePath::LCornerReplicate

NAME

Math::PlanePath::LCornerReplicate -- self-similar growth at exposed corners

SYNOPSIS

use Math::PlanePath::LCornerReplicate;
my $path = Math::PlanePath::LCornerReplicate->new;
my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);

DESCRIPTION

This is a self-similar "L" shaped corners,

 7  |  58  57  55  54  46  45  43  42  64
 6  |  59  56  52  53  47  44  40  41  ...
 5  |  61  60  50  49  35  34  36  39
 4  |  62  63  51  48  32  33  37  38
 3  |  14  13  11  10  16  19  31  30
 2  |  15  12   8   9  17  18  28  29
 1  |   3   2   4   7  21  20  24  27
Y=0 |   0   1   5   6  22  23  25  26
    +-------------------------------------
      X=0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8

The base pattern is the initial N=0,1,2,3 and then when replicating the 1 and 3 sub-blocks are rotated -90 and +90 degrees,

+----------------+
|     3 |  2     |
|  ^    |    ^   |
|   \   |   /    |
|    \  |  /     |
| +90   |        |
|-------+--------|
|       |    -90 |
|    ^  |  \     |
|   /   |   \    |
|  /    |    v   |
| /  0  |  1     |
+----------------+

Groups of 3 points such as N=13,14,15 make little L-shaped blocks, except at the middle single points where a replication begins such as N=4,8,12.

The sub-block layout is like CornerReplicate (Math::PlanePath::CornerReplicate) but its blocks are not rotated.

FUNCTIONS

See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.

$path = Math::PlanePath::LCornerReplicate->new ()

Create and return a new path object.

Level Methods

($n_lo, $n_hi) = $path->level_to_n_range($level)

Return (0, 4**$level - 1).

FORMULAS

Direction Maximum

The dir_maximum_dxdy() seems to occur at

      base-4
N  = 323333...333
dX = 2121...2121212   (or 2121...12121)
dY = -3030...303031   (or  303...30310)

which are

dX =    2*16^k + 6*(16^k -1)/15
dY = - (        12*(16^k -1)/15 + 1)

dY/dX -> -1/3   as k->infinity

The pattern N=3233..333 [base4] probably has a geometric interpretation in the sub-blocks described above, but in any case the angles made by steps dX,dY approach a supremum dX=3,dY=-1.

Level End

The last point in each level is N=4^k-1 and is located at

X(k) = binary 00110011001100... take first k many bits
     = 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 25, 51, 102, 204, 409, ...   (A077854)
     = binary: empty, 0, 00, 001, 0011, 00110, 001100, 0011001, ...

Y(k) = binary 10011001100110... take first k many bits
     = 0, 1, 2, 4, 9, 19, 38, 76, 153, 307, 614, 1228, ...
     = binary: empty, 1, 10, 100, 1001, 10011, 100110, 1001100, ...

N=4^k-1 is 333...3 in base-4 and so is part 3 each time. Each part 3 is a transformation (H,L)->(~L,H), where ~ is a ones-complement reversal 0<->1. Applying that transform down each digit of N gives a repeating pattern 1,1,0,0.

OEIS

Entries in Sloane's Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences related to this path include

A062880    N values on diagonal X=Y,
             being base-4 digits 0,2 only

A077854    level last X(k), per bit pattern above
A048647    permutation N at transpose Y,X,
             being base-4 digit change 1<->3

SEE ALSO

Math::PlanePath, Math::PlanePath::LCornerTree, Math::PlanePath::CornerReplicate, Math::PlanePath::ToothpickReplicate

HOME PAGE

http://user42.tuxfamily.org/math-planepath/index.html

LICENSE

Copyright 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Kevin Ryde

This file is part of Math-PlanePath-Toothpick.

Math-PlanePath-Toothpick is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.

Math-PlanePath-Toothpick is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Math-PlanePath-Toothpick. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.