NAME

ExtUtils::AutoInstall - Automatic install of dependencies via CPAN

VERSION

This document describes version 0.63 of ExtUtils::AutoInstall, released September 12, 2005.

SYNOPSIS

In Makefile.PL, with Module::Install available on the author's system:

use inc::Module::Install;

name        ('Joe-Hacker');
abstract    ('Perl Interface to Joe Hacker');
author      ('Joe Hacker <joe@hacker.org>');
include     ('ExtUtils::AutoInstall');

requires    ('Module0');            # mandatory modules
features    (
    -config         => {
        make_args   => '--hello',   # option(s) for CPAN::Config
        force       => 1,           # pseudo-option to force install
        do_once     => 1,           # skip previously failed modules
    },
    'Feature1' => [
        'Module2'   => '0.1',
    ],
    'Feature2' => [
        'Module3'   => '1.0',
    ],
);
auto_install();
&WriteAll;

Invoking the resulting Makefile.PL:

% perl Makefile.PL                  # interactive behaviour
% perl Makefile.PL --defaultdeps    # accept default value on prompts
% perl Makefile.PL --checkdeps      # check only, no Makefile produced
% perl Makefile.PL --skipdeps       # ignores all dependencies
% perl Makefile.PL --testonly       # don't write installation targets

Note that the trailing 'deps' of arguments may be omitted, too.

Using --defaultdeps will make Makefile.PL behave similarly to a regular Makefile.PL file with PREREQ_PM dependencies.

One can use environment variables (see "ENVIRONMENT") below to set a default behavior instead of specifying it in the command line for every invocation of Makefile.PL.

Using make (or nmake):

% make [all|test|install]           # install dependencies first
% make checkdeps                    # same as the --checkdeps above
% make installdeps                  # install dependencies only

DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::AutoInstall lets module writers to specify a more sophisticated form of dependency information than the PREREQ_PM option offered by ExtUtils::MakeMaker.

This module works best with the Module::Install framework, a drop-in replacement for MakeMaker. However, this module also supports Makefile.PL files based on MakeMaker; see "EXAMPLES" for instructions.

Prerequisites and Features

Prerequisites are grouped into features, and the user could choose yes/no on each one's dependencies; the module writer may also supply a boolean value via -default to specify the default choice.

The Core Features marked by the name -core will double-check with the user, if the user chooses not to install the mandatory modules. This differs from the pre-0.26 'silent install' behaviour.

Starting from version 0.27, if -core is set to the string all (case-insensitive), every feature will be considered mandatory.

The dependencies are expressed as pairs of Module => version inside an array reference. If the order does not matter, and there are no -default, -tests or -skiptests directives for that feature, you may also use a hash reference.

The Installation Process

Once ExtUtils::AutoInstall has determined which module(s) are needed, it checks whether it's running under the CPAN shell and should therefore let CPAN handle the dependency.

Finally, the WriteMakefile() is overridden to perform some additional checks, as well as skips tests associated with disabled features by the -tests option.

The actual installation happens at the end of the make config target; both make test and make install will trigger the installation of required modules.

If it's not running under CPAN, the installer will probe for an active connection by trying to resolve the domain cpan.org, and check for the user's permission to use CPAN. If all went well, a separate CPAN instance is created to install the required modules.

If you have the CPANPLUS package installed in your system, it is preferred by default over CPAN; it also accepts some extra options (e.g. -target => 'skiptest', -skiptest => 1 to skip testing).

All modules scheduled to be installed will be deleted from %INC first, so ExtUtils::MakeMaker will check the newly installed modules.

Additionally, you could use the make installdeps target to install the modules, and the make checkdeps target to check dependencies without actually installing them; the perl Makefile.PL --checkdeps command has an equivalent effect.

If the Makefile.PL itself needs to use an independent module (e.g. Acme::KillarApp, v1.21 or greater), then use something like below:

BEGIN {
    require ExtUtils::AutoInstall;
    # the first argument is an arrayref of the -config flags
    ExtUtils::AutoInstall->install([], 'Acme::KillerApp' => 1.21);
}
use Acme::KillerApp 1.21;

ExtUtils::AutoInstall->import(
    # ... arguments as usual ...
);

Note the version test in the use clause; if you are so close to the cutting edge that Acme::KillerApp 1.20 is the latest version on CPAN, this will prevent your module from going awry.

User-Defined Hooks

User-defined pre-installation and post-installation hooks are available via MY::preinstall and MY::postinstall subroutines, as shown below:

# pre-install handler; takes $module_name and $version
sub MY::preinstall  { return 1; } # return false to skip install

# post-install handler; takes $module_name, $version, $success
sub MY::postinstall { return; }   # the return value doesn't matter

Note that since ExtUtils::AutoInstall performs installation at the time of use (i.e. before perl parses the remainder of Makefile.PL), you have to declare those two handlers before the use statement for them to take effect.

If the user did not choose to install a module or it already exists on the system, neither of the handlers is invoked. Both handlers are invoked exactly once for each module when installation is attempted.

MY::preinstall takes two arguments, $module_name and $version; if it returns a false value, installation for that module will be skipped, and MY::postinstall won't be called at all.

MY::postinstall takes three arguments, $module_name, $version and $success. The last one denotes whether the installation succeeded or not: 1 means installation completed successfully, 0 means failure during install, and undef means that the installation was not attempted at all, possibly due to connection problems, or that module does not exist on CPAN at all.

Customized `MY::postamble`

Starting from version 0.43, ExtUtils::AutoInstall supports modules that require a MY::postamble subroutine in their Makefile.PL. The user-defined MY::postamble, if present, is responsible for calling ExtUtils::AutoInstall::postamble and include the output in its return value.

For example, the DBD::* (database driver) modules for the Perl DBI are required to include the postamble generated by the function dbd_postamble, so their Makefile.PL may contain lines like this:

sub MY::postamble {
    return &ExtUtils::AutoInstall::postamble . &dbd_postamble;
}

Note that the ExtUtils::AutoInstall module does not export the postamble function, so the name should always be fully qualified.

CAVEATS

ExtUtils::AutoInstall will add UNINST=1 to your make install flags if your effective uid is 0 (root), unless you explicitly disable it by setting CPAN's make_install_arg configuration option (or the makeflags option of CPANPLUS) to include UNINST=0. This may cause dependency problems if you are using a fine-tuned directory structure for your site. Please consult "FAQ" in CPAN for an explanation in detail.

If either version or Sort::Versions is available, they will be used to compare the required version with the existing module's version and the CPAN module's. Otherwise it silently falls back to use cmp. This may cause inconsistent behaviours in pathetic situations.

NOTES

Since this module is needed before writing Makefile, it makes little use as a CPAN module; hence each distribution must include it in full. The only alternative I'm aware of, namely prompting in Makefile.PL to force user install it (cf. the Template Toolkit's dependency on AppConfig) is not very desirable either.

The current compromise is to add the bootstrap code listed in the "SYNOPSIS" before every script, but that does not look pretty, and will not work without an Internet connection.

Since we do not want all future options of ExtUtils::AutoInstall to be painfully detected manually like above, this module provides a bootstrapping mechanism via the -version flag. If a newer version is needed by the Makefile.PL, it will go ahead to fetch a new version, reload it into memory, and pass the arguments forward.

If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Thanks.

ENVIRONMENT

ExtUtils::AutoInstall uses a single environment variable, PERL_EXTUTILS_AUTOINSTALL. It is taken as the command line argument passed to Makefile.PL; you could set it to either --defaultdeps or --skipdeps to avoid interactive behaviour.

EXAMPLES

Using MakeMaker with AutoInstall

To use this module with ExtUtils::MakeMaker, first make a inc/ExtUtils/ subdirectory in the directory containing your Makefile.PL, and put a copy this module under it as inc/ExtUtils/AutoInstall.pm. You can find out where this module has been installed by typing perldoc -l ExtUtils::AutoInstall in the command line.

Your Makefile.PL should look like this:

# pull in ExtUtils/AutoInstall.pm from 'inc'
use lib 'inc';
use ExtUtils::AutoInstall (
    -core           => [            # mandatory modules
        'Module0'   => '',          # any version would suffice
    ],
    'Feature1'      => [
        # do we want to install this feature by default?
        -default    => ( system('feature1 --version') == 0 ),
        Module1     => '0.01',
    ],
    'Feature2'      => [
        # associate tests to be disabled if this feature is missing
        -tests      => [ <t/feature2*.t> ],
        # associate tests to be disabled if this feature is present
        -skiptests  => [ <t/nofeature2*.t> ],
        Module2     => '0.02',
    ],
    'Feature3'      => {            # hash reference works, too
        # force installation even if tests fail
        Module2     => '0.03',
    }
);

WriteMakefile(
    AUTHOR          => 'Joe Hacker <joe@hacker.org>',
    ABSTRACT        => 'Perl Interface to Joe Hacker',
    NAME            => 'Joe::Hacker',
    VERSION_FROM    => 'Hacker.pm',
    DISTNAME        => 'Joe-Hacker',
);

Self-Download Code

If you do not wish to put a copy of ExtUtils::AutoInstall under inc/, and are confident that users will have internet access, you may replace the use lib 'inc'; line with this block of code:

# ExtUtils::AutoInstall Bootstrap Code, version 7.
BEGIN{my$p='ExtUtils::AutoInstall';my$v=0.45;$p->VERSION||0>=$v
or+eval"use $p $v;1"or+do{my$e=$ENV{PERL_EXTUTILS_AUTOINSTALL};
(!defined($e)||$e!~m/--(?:default|skip|testonly)/and-t STDIN or
eval"use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;WriteMakefile(PREREQ_PM=>{'$p',$v}
);1"and exit)and print"==> $p $v required. Install it from CP".
"AN? [Y/n] "and<STDIN>!~/^n/i and print"*** Installing $p\n"and
do{if (eval '$>' and lc(`sudo -V`) =~ /version/){system('sudo',
$^X,"-MCPANPLUS","-e","CPANPLUS::install $p");eval"use $p $v;1"
||system('sudo', $^X, "-MCPAN", "-e", "CPAN::install $p")}eval{
require CPANPLUS;CPANPLUS::install$p};eval"use $p $v;1"or eval{
require CPAN;CPAN::install$p};eval"use $p $v;1"||die"*** Please
manually install $p $v from cpan.org first...\n"}}}

If the user did not have ExtUtils::AutoInstall installed, the block of code above will automatically download and install it.

However, due to its space-compressed (and obfuscated) nature, you should think twice before employing this block of code; it is usually much more desirable to just use Module::Install instead.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The test script included in the ExtUtils::AutoInstall distribution contains code adapted from Michael Schwern's Test::More under the Perl License. Please consult to t/AutoInstall.t for details.

See the AUTHORS file in this module's source distribution for the list of contributors.

AUTHORS

Autrijus Tang <autrijus@autrijus.org>

COPYRIGHT

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html

To install ExtUtils::AutoInstall, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm ExtUtils::AutoInstall

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install ExtUtils::AutoInstall

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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