NAME
Net::DNS - Perl interface to the DNS resolver
SYNOPSIS
use Net::DNS;
DESCRIPTION
Net::DNS is a collection of Perl modules that act as a Domain Name System (DNS) resolver. It allows the programmer to perform DNS queries that are beyond the capabilities of gethostbyname and gethostbyaddr.
The programmer should be somewhat familiar with the format of a DNS packet and its various sections. See RFC 1035 or DNS and BIND (Albitz & Liu) for details.
Resolver Objects
A resolver object is an instance of the Net::DNS::Resolver class. A program can have multiple resolver objects, each maintaining its own state information such as the nameservers to be queried, whether recursion is desired, etc.
Packet Objects
Net::DNS::Resolver queries return Net::DNS::Packet objects. Packet objects have five sections:
The header section, a Net::DNS::Header object.
The question section, a list of Net::DNS::Question objects.
The answer section, a list of Net::DNS::RR objects.
The authority section, a list of Net::DNS::RR objects.
The additional section, a list of Net::DNS::RR objects.
Update Objects
The Net::DNS::Update package is a subclass of Net::DNS::Packet for creating packet objects to be used in dynamic updates.
Header Objects
Net::DNS::Header objects represent the header section of a DNS packet.
Question Objects
Net::DNS::Question objects represent the question section of a DNS packet.
RR Objects
Net::DNS::RR is the base class for DNS resource record (RR) objects in the answer, authority, and additional sections of a DNS packet.
Don't assume that RR objects will be of the type you requested -- always check an RR object's type before calling any of its methods.
METHODS
See the manual pages listed above for other class-specific methods.
version
print Net::DNS->version, "\n";Returns the version of Net::DNS.
mx
# Use a default resolver -- can't get an error string this way.
use Net::DNS;
my @mx = mx("example.com");
# Use your own resolver object.
use Net::DNS;
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
my @mx = mx($res, "example.com");Returns a list of Net::DNS::RR::MX objects representing the MX records for the specified name; the list will be sorted by preference. Returns an empty list if the query failed or no MX records were found.
This method does not look up A records -- it only performs MX queries.
See "EXAMPLES" for a more complete example.
yxrrset
Use this method to add an "RRset exists" prerequisite to a dynamic update packet. There are two forms, value-independent and value-dependent:
# RRset exists (value-independent)
$update->push(pre => yxrrset("host.example.com A"));Meaning: At least one RR with the specified name and type must exist.
# RRset exists (value-dependent)
$packet->push(pre => yxrrset("host.example.com A 10.1.2.3"));Meaning: At least one RR with the specified name and type must exist and must have matching data.
Returns a Net::DNS::RR object or undef if the object couldn't be created.
nxrrset
Use this method to add an "RRset does not exist" prerequisite to a dynamic update packet.
$packet->push(pre => nxrrset("host.example.com A"));Meaning: No RRs with the specified name and type can exist.
Returns a Net::DNS::RR object or undef if the object couldn't be created.
yxdomain
Use this method to add a "name is in use" prerequisite to a dynamic update packet.
$packet->push(pre => yxdomain("host.example.com"));Meaning: At least one RR with the specified name must exist.
Returns a Net::DNS::RR object or undef if the object couldn't be created.
nxdomain
Use this method to add a "name is not in use" prerequisite to a dynamic update packet.
$packet->push(pre => nxdomain("host.example.com"));Meaning: No RR with the specified name can exist.
Returns a Net::DNS::RR object or undef if the object couldn't be created.
rr_add
Use this method to add RRs to a zone.
$packet->push(update => rr_add("host.example.com A 10.1.2.3"));Meaning: Add this RR to the zone.
RR objects created by this method should be added to the "update" section of a dynamic update packet. The TTL defaults to 86400 seconds (24 hours) if not specified.
Returns a Net::DNS::RR object or undef if the object couldn't be created.
rr_del
Use this method to delete RRs from a zone. There are three forms: delete an RRset, delete all RRsets, and delete an RR.
# Delete an RRset.
$packet->push(update => rr_del("host.example.com A"));Meaning: Delete all RRs having the specified name and type.
# Delete all RRsets.
$packet->push(update => rr_del("host.example.com"));Meaning: Delete all RRs having the specified name.
# Delete an RR.
$packet->push(update => rr_del("host.example.com A 10.1.2.3"));Meaning: Delete all RRs having the specified name, type, and data.
RR objects created by this method should be added to the "update" section of a dynamic update packet.
Returns a Net::DNS::RR object or undef if the object couldn't be created.
EXAMPLES
The following examples show how to use the Net::DNS modules. See the other manual pages and the demo scripts included with the source code for additional examples.
See the Net::DNS::Update manual page for an example of performing dynamic updates.
Look up a host's addresses.
use Net::DNS;
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
my $query = $res->search("host.example.com");
if ($query) {
foreach my $rr ($query->answer) {
next unless $rr->type eq "A";
print $rr->address, "\n";
}
} else {
warn "query failed: ", $res->errorstring, "\n";
}Find the nameservers for a domain.
use Net::DNS;
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
my $query = $res->query("example.com", "NS");
if ($query) {
foreach $rr (grep { $_->type eq 'NS' } $query->answer) {
print $rr->nsdname, "\n";
}
}
else {
warn "query failed: ", $res->errorstring, "\n";
}Find the MX records for a domain.
use Net::DNS;
my $name = "example.com";
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
my @mx = mx($res, $name);
if (@mx) {
foreach $rr (@mx) {
print $rr->preference, " ", $rr->exchange, "\n";
}
} else {
warn "Can't find MX records for $name: ", $res->errorstring, "\n";
}Print a domain's SOA record in zone file format.
use Net::DNS;
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
my $query = $res->query("example.com", "SOA");
if ($query) {
($query->answer)[0]->print;
} else {
print "query failed: ", $res->errorstring, "\n";
}Perform a zone transfer and print all the records.
use Net::DNS;
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
$res->nameservers("ns.example.com");
my @zone = $res->axfr("example.com");
foreach $rr (@zone) {
$rr->print;
}Perform a background query and do some other work while waiting for the answer.
use Net::DNS;
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
my $socket = $res->bgsend("host.example.com");
until ($res->bgisready($socket)) {
# do some work here while waiting for the answer
# ...and some more here
}
my $packet = $res->bgread($socket);
$packet->print;Send a background query and use select to determine when the answer has arrived.
use Net::DNS;
use IO::Select;
my $timeout = 5;
my $res = Net::DNS::Resolver->new;
my $bgsock = $res->bgsend("host.example.com");
my $sel = IO::Select->new($bgsock);
# Add more sockets to $sel if desired.
my @ready = $sel->can_read($timeout);
if (@ready) {
foreach my $sock (@ready) {
if ($sock == $bgsock) {
my $packet = $res->bgread($bgsock);
$packet->print;
$bgsock = undef;
}
# Check for the other sockets.
$sel->remove($sock);
$sock = undef;
}
} else {
warn "timed out after $timeout seconds\n";
}BUGS
Net::DNS is slow.
For other items to be fixed, please see the TODO file included with the source distribution.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1997-2002 Michael Fuhr. Portions Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Chris Reinhardt. Portions Copyright (c) 2005 Olaf Kolkman (RIPE NCC) Portions Copyright (c) 2006 Olaf Kolkman (NLnet Labs)
All rights reserved. This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Net::DNS is currently maintained at NLnet Labs (www.nlnetlabs.nl) by: Olaf Kolkman olaf@net-dns.org
Between 2002 and 2004 Net::DNS was maintained by: Chris Reinhardt
Net::DNS was created by: Michael Fuhr mike@fuhr.org
For more information see: http://www.net-dns.org/
Stay tuned and syncicate: http://www.net-dns.org/blog/
SEE ALSO
perl(1), Net::DNS::Resolver, Net::DNS::Packet, Net::DNS::Update, Net::DNS::Header, Net::DNS::Question, Net::DNS::RR, RFC 1035, DNS and BIND by Paul Albitz & Cricket Liu