NAME

Bio::Search::Hit::HitI - Interface for a hit in a similarity search result

SYNOPSIS

# Bio::Search::Hit::HitI objects should not be instantiated since this # module defines a pure interface.

# Given an object that implements the Bio::Search::Hit::HitI interface, # you can do the following things with it:

# Get a HitI object from a SearchIO stream:
use Bio::SeachIO;
my $searchio = Bio::SearchIO->new(-format => 'blast', -file => 'result.bls');
my $result = $searchio->next_result;
my $hit    = $result->next_hit;

$hit_name = $hit->name();

$desc = $hit->description();

$len = $hit->length

$alg = $hit->algorithm();

$score = $hit->raw_score();

$significance = $hit->significance();

$rank = $hit->rank(); # the Nth hit for a specific query

while( $hsp = $obj->next_hsp()) { ... } # process in iterator fashion

for my $hsp ( $obj->hsps()()) { ... } # process in list fashion

DESCRIPTION

Bio::Search::Hit::* objects are data structures that contain information
about specific hits obtained during a library search.  Some information will
be algorithm-specific, but others will be generally defined.

FEEDBACK

Mailing Lists

User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to one of the Bioperl mailing lists. Your participation is much appreciated.

bioperl-l@bioperl.org                  - General discussion
http://bioperl.org/wiki/Mailing_lists  - About the mailing lists

Support

Please direct usage questions or support issues to the mailing list:

bioperl-l@bioperl.org

rather than to the module maintainer directly. Many experienced and reponsive experts will be able look at the problem and quickly address it. Please include a thorough description of the problem with code and data examples if at all possible.

Reporting Bugs

Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via the web:

https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/issues

AUTHOR - Aaron Mackey, Steve Chervitz

Email amackey@virginia.edu (original author) Email sac@bioperl.org

COPYRIGHT

DISCLAIMER

This software is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind.

APPENDIX

The rest of the documentation details each of the object methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _

name

Title   : name
Usage   : $hit_name = $hit->name();
Function: returns the name of the Hit sequence
Returns : a scalar string
Args    : none

The name of a hit is unique within a Result or within an Iteration.

description

Title   : description
Usage   : $desc = $hit->description();
Function: Retrieve the description for the hit
Returns : a scalar string
Args    : none

accession

Title   : accession
Usage   : $acc = $hit->accession();
Function: Retrieve the accession (if available) for the hit
Returns : a scalar string (empty string if not set)
Args    : none

locus

Title   : locus
Usage   : $acc = $hit->locus();
Function: Retrieve the locus(if available) for the hit
Returns : a scalar string (empty string if not set)
Args    : none

length

Title   : length
Usage   : my $len = $hit->length
Function: Returns the length of the hit 
Returns : integer
Args    : none

algorithm

Title   : algorithm
Usage   : $alg = $hit->algorithm();
Function: Gets the algorithm specification that was used to obtain the hit
          For BLAST, the algorithm denotes what type of sequence was aligned 
          against what (BLASTN: dna-dna, BLASTP prt-prt, BLASTX translated 
          dna-prt, TBLASTN prt-translated dna, TBLASTX translated 
          dna-translated dna).
Returns : a scalar string 
Args    : none

raw_score

Title   : raw_score
Usage   : $score = $hit->raw_score();
Function: Gets the "raw score" generated by the algorithm.  What
          this score is exactly will vary from algorithm to algorithm,
          returning undef if unavailable.
Returns : a scalar value
Args    : none

score

Equivalent to raw_score()

significance

Title   : significance
Usage   : $significance = $hit->significance();
Function: Used to obtain the E or P value of a hit, i.e. the probability that
          this particular hit was obtained purely by random chance.  If
          information is not available (nor calculatable from other
          information sources), return undef.
Returns : a scalar value or undef if unavailable
Args    : none

bits

Usage     : $hit_object->bits();
Purpose   : Gets the bit score of the best HSP for the current hit.
Example   : $bits = $hit_object->bits();
Returns   : Integer or double for FASTA reports
Argument  : n/a
Comments  : For BLAST1, the non-bit score is listed in the summary line.

next_hsp

Title    : next_hsp
Usage    : while( $hsp = $obj->next_hsp()) { ... }
Function : Returns the next available High Scoring Pair
Example  : 
Returns  : L<Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI> object or null if finished
Args     : none

hsps

Usage     : $hit_object->hsps();
Purpose   : Get a list containing all HSP objects.
          : Get the numbers of HSPs for the current hit.
Example   : @hsps = $hit_object->hsps();
          : $num  = $hit_object->hsps();  # alternatively, use num_hsps()
Returns   : Array context : list of L<Bio::Search::HSP::BlastHSP> objects.
          : Scalar context: integer (number of HSPs).
          :                 (Equivalent to num_hsps()).
Argument  : n/a. Relies on wantarray
Throws    : Exception if the HSPs have not been collected.

num_hsps

Usage     : $hit_object->num_hsps();
Purpose   : Get the number of HSPs for the present Blast hit.
Example   : $nhsps = $hit_object->num_hsps();
Returns   : Integer
Argument  : n/a
Throws    : Exception if the HSPs have not been collected.

seq_inds

Usage     : $hit->seq_inds( seq_type, class, collapse );
Purpose   : Get a list of residue positions (indices) across all HSPs
          : for identical or conserved residues in the query or sbjct sequence.
Example   : @s_ind = $hit->seq_inds('query', 'identical');
          : @h_ind = $hit->seq_inds('hit', 'conserved');
          : @h_ind = $hit->seq_inds('hit', 'conserved', 1);
Returns   : Array of integers 
          : May include ranges if collapse is non-zero.
Argument  : [0] seq_type  = 'query' or 'hit' or 'sbjct'  (default = 'query')
          :                 ('sbjct' is synonymous with 'hit')
          : [1] class     = 'identical' or 'conserved' (default = 'identical')
          :              (can be shortened to 'id' or 'cons')
          :              (actually, anything not 'id' will evaluate to 'conserved').
          : [2] collapse  = boolean, if non-zero, consecutive positions are merged
          :             using a range notation, e.g., "1 2 3 4 5 7 9 10 11" 
          :             collapses to "1-5 7 9-11". This is useful for 
          :             consolidating long lists. Default = no collapse.
Throws    : n/a.

rewind

Title   : rewind
Usage   : $hit->rewind;
Function: Allow one to reset the HSP iterator to the beginning
          if possible
Returns : none
Args    : none

overlap

Usage     : $hit_object->overlap( [integer] );
Purpose   : Gets/Sets the allowable amount overlap between different HSP sequences.
Example   : $hit_object->overlap(5);
          : $overlap = $hit_object->overlap;
Returns   : Integer.
Argument  : integer.
Throws    : n/a
Status    : Experimental
Comments  : Any two HSPs whose sequences overlap by less than or equal
          : to the overlap() number of resides will be considered separate HSPs
          : and will not get tiled by L<Bio::Search::BlastUtils::_adjust_contigs()>.

n

Usage     : $hit_object->n();
Purpose   : Gets the N number for the current Blast hit.
          : This is the number of HSPs in the set which was ascribed
          : the lowest P-value (listed on the description line).
          : This number is not the same as the total number of HSPs.
          : To get the total number of HSPs, use num_hsps().
Example   : $n = $hit_object->n();
Returns   : Integer
Argument  : n/a
Throws    : Exception if HSPs have not been set (BLAST2 reports).
Comments  : Note that the N parameter is not reported in gapped BLAST2.
          : Calling n() on such reports will result in a call to num_hsps().
          : The num_hsps() method will count the actual number of
          : HSPs in the alignment listing, which may exceed N in
          : some cases.

p

Usage     : $hit_object->p( [format] );
Purpose   : Get the P-value for the best HSP of the given BLAST hit.
          : (Note that P-values are not provided with NCBI Blast2 reports).
Example   : $p =  $sbjct->p;
          : $p =  $sbjct->p('exp');  # get exponent only.
          : ($num, $exp) =  $sbjct->p('parts');  # split sci notation into parts
Returns   : Float or scientific notation number (the raw P-value, DEFAULT).
          : Integer if format == 'exp' (the magnitude of the base 10 exponent).
          : 2-element list (float, int) if format == 'parts' and P-value
          :                is in scientific notation (See Comments).
Argument  : format: string of 'raw' | 'exp' | 'parts'
          :    'raw' returns value given in report. Default. (1.2e-34)
          :    'exp' returns exponent value only (34)
          :    'parts' returns the decimal and exponent as a 
          :            2-element list (1.2, -34) (See Comments).
Throws    : Warns if no P-value is defined. Uses expect instead.
Comments  : Using the 'parts' argument is not recommended since it will not
          : work as expected if the P-value is not in scientific notation.
          : That is, floats are not converted into sci notation before
          : splitting into parts.

hsp

Usage     : $hit_object->hsp( [string] );
Purpose   : Get a single HSPI object for the present HitI object.
Example   : $hspObj  = $hit_object->hsp;  # same as 'best'
          : $hspObj  = $hit_object->hsp('best');
          : $hspObj  = $hit_object->hsp('worst');
Returns   : Object reference for a L<Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI> object.
Argument  : String (or no argument).
          :   No argument (default) = highest scoring HSP (same as 'best').
          :   'best' or 'first' = highest scoring HSP.
          :   'worst' or 'last' = lowest scoring HSP.
Throws    : Exception if the HSPs have not been collected.
          : Exception if an unrecognized argument is used.

logical_length

Usage     : $hit_object->logical_length( [seq_type] );
          : (mostly intended for internal use).
Purpose   : Get the logical length of the hit sequence.
          : If the Blast is a TBLASTN or TBLASTX, the returned length 
          : is the length of the would-be amino acid sequence (length/3).
          : For all other BLAST flavors, this function is the same as length().
Example   : $len    = $hit_object->logical_length();
Returns   : Integer 
Argument  : seq_type = 'query' or 'hit' or 'sbjct' (default = 'query')
            ('sbjct' is synonymous with 'hit')
Throws    : n/a
Comments  : This is important for functions like frac_aligned_query()
          : which need to operate in amino acid coordinate space when dealing
          : with [T]BLAST[NX] type reports.

rank

Title   : rank
Usage   : $obj->rank($newval)
Function: Get/Set the rank of this Hit in the Query search list
          i.e. this is the Nth hit for a specific query
Returns : value of rank
Args    : newvalue (optional)

each_accession_number

Title   : each_accession_number
Usage   : $obj->each_accession_number
Function: Get each accession number listed in the description of the hit.
          If there are no alternatives, then only the primary accession will 
          be given
Returns : list of all accession numbers in the description
Args    : none

tiled_hsps

Usage     : $hit_object->tiled_hsps( [integer] );
Purpose   : Gets/Sets an indicator for whether or not the HSPs in this Hit 
          : have been tiled.
          : Methods that rely on HSPs being tiled should check this
          : and then call SearchUtils::tile_hsps() if not.
Example   : $hit_object->tiled_hsps(1);
          : if( $hit_object->tiled_hsps ) { # do something }
Returns   : Boolean (1 or 0) 
Argument  : integer (optional)
Throws    : n/a

strand

Usage     : $sbjct->strand( [seq_type] );
Purpose   : Gets the strand(s) for the query, sbjct, or both sequences
          : in the best HSP of the BlastHit object after HSP tiling.
          : Only valid for BLASTN, TBLASTX, BLASTX-query, TBLASTN-hit.
Example   : $qstrand = $sbjct->strand('query');
          : $sstrand = $sbjct->strand('hit');
          : ($qstrand, $sstrand) = $sbjct->strand();
Returns   : scalar context: integer '1', '-1', or '0'
          : array context without args: list of two strings (queryStrand, sbjctStrand)
          : Array context can be "induced" by providing an argument of 'list' or 'array'.
Argument  : In scalar context: seq_type = 'query' or 'hit' or 'sbjct' (default = 'query')
            ('sbjct' is synonymous with 'hit')
Throws    : n/a
Comments  : This method requires that all HSPs be tiled. If they have not
          : already been tiled, they will be tiled first automatically..
          : If you don't want the tiled data, iterate through each HSP
          : calling strand() on each (use hsps() to get all HSPs).
          :
          : Formerly (prior to 10/21/02), this method would return the
          : string "-1/1" for hits with HSPs on both strands.
          : However, now that strand and frame is properly being accounted
          : for during HSP tiling, it makes more sense for strand()
          : to return the strand data for the best HSP after tiling.
          :
          : If you really want to know about hits on opposite strands,
          : you should be iterating through the HSPs using methods on the
          : HSP objects.
          :
          : A possible use case where knowing whether a hit has HSPs 
          : on both strands would be when filtering via SearchIO for hits with 
          : this property. However, in this case it would be better to have a
          : dedicated method such as $hit->hsps_on_both_strands(). Similarly
          : for frame. This could be provided if there is interest.

See Also : Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI::strand()

frame

Usage     : $hit_object->frame();
Purpose   : Gets the reading frame for the best HSP after HSP tiling.
          : This is only valid for BLASTX and TBLASTN/X type reports.
Example   : $frame = $hit_object->frame();
Returns   : Integer (-2 .. +2)
Argument  : n/a
Throws    : Exception if HSPs have not been set.
Comments  : This method requires that all HSPs be tiled. If they have not
          : already been tiled, they will be tiled first automatically..
          : If you don't want the tiled data, iterate through each HSP
          : calling frame() on each (use hsps() to get all HSPs).

matches

Usage     : $hit_object->matches( [class] );
Purpose   : Get the total number of identical or conserved matches 
          : (or both) across all HSPs.
          : (Note: 'conservative' matches are indicated as 'positives' 
          :         in BLAST reports.)
Example   : ($id,$cons) = $hit_object->matches(); # no argument
          : $id = $hit_object->matches('id');
          : $cons = $hit_object->matches('cons'); 
Returns   : Integer or a 2-element array of integers 
Argument  : class = 'id' | 'cons' OR none. 
          : If no argument is provided, both identical and conservative 
          : numbers are returned in a two element list.
          : (Other terms can be used to refer to the conservative
          :  matches, e.g., 'positive'. All that is checked is whether or
          :  not the supplied string starts with 'id'. If not, the 
          : conservative matches are returned.)
Throws    : Exception if the requested data cannot be obtained.
Comments  : This method requires that all HSPs be tiled. If there is more than one
          : HSP and they have not already been tiled, they will be tiled first automatically..
          :
          : If you need data for each HSP, use hsps() and then interate
          : through the HSP objects.
          : Does not rely on wantarray to return a list. Only checks for
          : the presence of an argument (no arg = return list).

sort_hits

 Title		: sort_hsps
 Usage		: $result->sort_hsps(\&sort_function)
 Function	: Sorts the available HSP objects by a user-supplied function. Defaults to sort
                  by descending score.
 Returns	: n/a
 Args		: A coderef for the sort function.  See the documentation on the Perl sort()
                  function for guidelines on writing sort functions.  
 Note		: To access the special variables $a and $b used by the Perl sort() function 
                  the user function must access Bio::Search::Hit::HitI namespace. 
                  For example, use :
                  $hit->sort_hsps( sub{$Bio::Search::Result::HitI::a->length <=> 
					  $Bio::Search::Result::HitI::b->length});
                   NOT $hit->sort_hsps($a->length <=> $b->length);

_default sort_hsps

Title	: _default_sort_hsps
Usage	: Do not call directly.
Function : Sort hsps in ascending order by evalue
Args	: None
Returns: 1 on success
Note	: Used by $hit->sort_hsps()

To install Bio::Seq, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm Bio::Seq

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Bio::Seq

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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